902 CARDUACEAE 



oblong-spatulate, 2-7 cm. long, glabrous or nearly so; stem-leaves linear; invo- 

 lucres 8-10 mm. high, 12-18 mm. wide; bracts linear-subulate; ligules white or 

 pinkish, about 8 mm. long. High mountains: N.M. Wyo. Subalp. Alp. 

 Jl-Au. 



11. E. simplex Greene. Stem 5-20 cm. high, villous; basal leaves oblanceo- 

 late or spatulate, 3-5 cm. long; stem-leaves oblanceolate to linear, 1-2 cm. long; 

 head solitary; involucre 8-10 mm. high, 10-15 mm. broad; bracts lanceolate, 

 acuminate; ligules very numerous, about 6 mm. long, light purplish pink or white. 

 E. leucotrichus Rydb. E. uniflorus Am. auth., not L. High mountains: Mont. 



-Colo. Calif. Mont. Alp. Jl-S. 



12. E. grandiflorus Hook. Stem about 1 dm. high, white-villous; basal 

 leaves 2-4 cm. long; stem-leaves lanceolate, acute, rather many; involucres fully 

 1 cm. high and 2 cm. wide, densely white-woolly; bracts linear, acuminate; lig- 

 ules reddish purple or white, 8-10 mm. long. High mountains: Canadian Rock- 

 ies. Alp. Au. 



13. E. lanatus Hook. Leaves 1-2 cm. long, spatulate, some of them usually 

 3-toothed at the rounded apex; involucres 10-12 mm. high, 15-25 mm. broad, 

 densely woolly, with long white hairs; bracts linear-subulate, attenuate; ligules 

 1 cm. long, reddish purple or white. High mountains: Alta. Mont. B.C. 

 Alp. Jl. 



14. E. aureus Greene. Stem scapiform, 3-10 cm. high, hirsute-villous; 

 leaves mostly radical, spatulate, 2-4 cm. long, densely hirsute; stem-leaves few 

 and small; heads solitary; involucres 5-6 mm. high, about 1 cm. broad, densely 

 villous; bracts linear-lanceolate, acuminate, dark purple, loose and spreading, in 

 3 or 4 series, but nearly equal; achenes somewhat flattened, hirsute; pappus 

 simple, scanty. Aplopappus Brandegei A. Gray. Mountain summits: B.C. 

 Alta. Subalp. Alp. Jl-Au. 



15. E. pinnatisectus (A. Gray) A. Nels. Leaves mostly basal, once or 

 twice pinnatifid, with linear divisions, glandular-puberulent ; stem-leaves linear 

 and mostly simple; involucres 7-8 mm. high, 10-15 mm. broad; bracts linear- 

 subulate, glandular-puberulent, often purplish; ligules 8-14 mm. long, bluish 

 purple or violet. E. compositus pinnatisectus A. Gray. Higher peaks: Wyo. 

 Colo. Subalp. Alp. 



16. E. mancus Rydb. Perennial, with a cespitose caudex; leaves basal, 1-4 

 cm. long, pinnatifid, with linear-oblanceolate crowded segments, glabrous or 

 nearly so; stem scapiform, with few small stem-leaves, decumbent at the base, 

 2-5 cm. high, glabrous; heads solitary; involucres hemispheric, 10-12 mm. 

 broad; bracts in 2-3 series, linear-subulate, sparingly hirsute and glandular-pu- 

 berulent; ligules wanting; achenes strigose. E. pinnatisectus insolens Macbr. & 

 Pay son. Mountain tops: se Utah. Alp. Jl. 



17. E. compositus Pursh. Stem 3-20 cm. high, scapiform; leaves basal, 

 crowded, usually twice ternate (or the earlier simply ternate), 2-8 cm. long, with 

 linear or spatulate divisions, more or less hirsute and glandular-puberulent or 

 almost glabrous (v. nudus Rydb.); head solitary; involucres about 7 mm. high, 

 10-18 mm. broad; bracts linear-subulate, hirsute and glandular-puberulent; 

 ligules 5-8 mm. long, white or purplish or lacking [v. discoidens]. E. multifidus 

 Rydb., a form with shorter leaf-segments. Mountains and rocky places: Greenl. 



Sask. Colo. Calif. Alaska. Mont. Alp. Je-Au. 



18. E. trifidus Hook. Peduncles 5-10 cm. long; leaves basal, 2-5 cm. long, 

 more or less hirsute and glandular-puberulent, the earlier 3-cleft, the later often 

 with the lateral divisions again 2-3-cleft; lobes oblanceolate or spatulate; invo- 

 lucres 6-7 mm. high, 10-15 mm. broad; bracts linear-subulate, often purple- 

 tinged, more or less hirsute and glandular-puberulent; ligules about 5 mm. long, 

 white or pinkish. E. Gormani Greene. Stony crests: Alta. Colo. Yukon. 

 Alp. My-Jl. 



19. E. pedatus Nutt. Leaves crowded at the base, 1-3 cm. long, glabrous 

 except the ciliate petioles, 3-cleft or pedately 5-cleft, with linear divisions; invo- 

 lucres 4-5 mm. high, 7-10 mm. broad; bracts slightly puberulent; linear-lanceo- 



