982 CARDUACEAE 



puberulent, villous-ciliate on the margins, 3-8 cm. long, remotely dentate, 

 strongly 3-nerved, the lower short-petioled and spatulate or oblanceolate, the 

 upper lanceolate and sessile; heads 1-3; involucres turbinate, 10-12 mm. high, 

 villous; bracts lanceolate, acute; ligules usually orange; achenes densely silky- 

 pilose. A. caespitosa A. Nels. A. aurantiaca Greene. Hills and mountains: 

 Alta. Colo. Wash. Mont. Subalp. 



35. A. tenuis Rydb. Stem sparingly villous-pubescent, about 2 dm. high, 

 monocephalous; leaves usually 3 pairs, sparingly villous when young, entire, the 

 lower two pairs oblanceolate or spatulate, the upper lanceolate; involucre tur- 

 binate-campanulate, villous, about 10 mm. high; bracts linear, 1-1.5 mm. wide, 

 green; ligules orange, 16-18 mm. long; achenes sparingly pilose. (?) A. lasio- 

 sperma Greene. Mountains: Wyo. Colo. Mont. Subalp. Jl-Au. 



36. A. alpina (L.) Olin. Stem 1-3 dm. high, loosely villous; basal leaves 

 with margined petioles, 4-10 cm. long; blades lanceolate, 3-nerved, acuminate; 

 stem-leaves 1 or 2 pairs, sessile, lanceolate, with long acumination; heads usually 

 solitary; involucre turbinate, about 1 cm. high, loosely white-villous, densely so 

 at the base; bracts lanceolate. A. angustifolia Vahl. Arctic-alpine situations: 

 Greenl. Lab. B.C. Alaska; Wyo.; n Eu. Alp. Au. 



37. A. tomentosa J. M. Macoun. Stem rarely over 1 dm. high; basal leaves 

 oblanceolate, 3-nerved, white villous-tomentose, 2-5 cm. long, entire; stem-leaves 

 1 or 2 pairs, lanceolate, the upper pair diminutive, acute; heads usually solitary; 

 involucres turbinate, 10-12 mm. high, densely white-villous; bracts lanceolate, 

 acute or obtusish; achenes densely silky villous. High mountains: Alta. B.C. 

 Alp. Jl-Au. 



38. A. pedunculata Rydb. Stem 2-6 dm. high, finely villous, somewhat 

 glandular above; leaves mostly basal, broadly oblong to nearly linear, 3-5-ribbed, 

 5-10 cm. long, densely short-pilose, entire, tapering into winged petioles; stem- 

 leaves usually 2 pairs, linear, sessile, the upper small; heads usually solitary; in- 

 volucres hemispheric, 12-15 mm. high, densely villous; bracts 18-20, lanceolate 

 or linear-lanceolate, acute; ligules orange, 1.5 cm. long; achenes hirsute. A. 

 monocephala Rydb., a low broad-leaved form. Hills and meadows: Sask. N.D. 



Colo. Calif. Wash. Submont. Subalp. Je-Au. 



39. A. fulgens Pursh. Stem 2-4 dm. high, glandular-pubescent; basal 

 leaves petioled, 6-8 cm. long; blades oblanceolate, glandular-puberulent, some- 

 what hirsutulous on the veins, 3-ribbed, entire; stem-leaves 2 or 3 pairs, linear- 

 lanceolate or linear, small; heads usually solitary, sometimes 3; involucres hemi- 

 spheric, 12-15 cm. high; bracts linear, acute; ligules orange; achenes hirsute. A. 

 stricta Greene, not A. Nels. A. sororia Greene. Hills: S.D. Colo. Calif. 

 B.C. Plain Submont. My-O. 



40. A. Louiseana Fan*. Stem 1-2 dm. high, glandular-puberulent and 

 with scattered longer hairs; leaves glandular-puberulent and hispidulous-ciliate 

 on the margins, about 3 pairs; lowest pair obovate, short-petioled, mostly entire; 

 second pair oblong, 4-6 cm. long, sparingly denticulate, sessile, the uppermost 

 lanceolate) reduced; heads 1-3, nodding; involucres broadly turbinate, villous- 

 glandular at the base, about 1 cm. high; bracts lanceolate, purplish, glandular- 

 puberulent; flowers light yellow; achenes with scattered hairs; pappus white, 

 barbellate. Rocky slopes: Alta. Subalp. Alp. Jl-Au. 



129. SENECIO L. GROUNDSEL, RAGWORT, SQUAW-WEED. 



Annual or perennial caulescent herbs. Leaves alternate, entire, toothed, or 

 pinnatifid. Heads several or many, rarely solitary, radiate or discoid. Invo- 

 lucre from hemispheric or campanulate to cylindric; bracts many, strictly in one 

 series or with a few smaller, forming a calyculum at the base. Receptacle flat or 

 slightly convex, naked, often pitted. Ray-flowers, if present, pistillate and fer- 

 tile, ligulate. Disk-flowers more numerous, hermaphrodite and fertile; corollas 

 yellow, tubular. Anthers obtuse or rarely slightly sagittate at the base. Style- 

 branches in the disk-flowers spreading and recurved. Achenes terete, or slightly 

 flattened, 5-10-ribbed. Pappus copious, of capillary bristles. 



