20 AERIAL ROOTS 



and climbing organs (Araceae, Hedera, Orchidaceae, Tecoma), water- 

 absorbing organs (Orchidaceae, Velloziaceae), assimilating organs 

 (Orchidaceae, Podostemaceae), thorns (Acanthorhiza), parasitic 

 suckers (Cuscuta, Viscum), &c. 



Aerides Lour. Orchidaceae (11. 20). 20 E. As. Leaves fleshy. 



Aerophytes, epiphytes. 



Aerotropism, influence of gases on growth and curvature. 



Aeruginous, verdigris-coloured. 



Aerva Forsk. Amarantaceae (2). 12 trop. As., Afr. 



Aesandra Pierre (Payena A. DC. p.p. EP.). Sapotaceae (i). i trop. As. 



Aeschynanthus Jack. (Trichosporum D. Don.) Gesneraceae (i). 

 75 Indomal., China. Many epiphytes with fleshy leaves. Extreme 

 protandry with movement of sta. Seeds with long hairs. 



Aeschynomene L. (incl. Herminiera Guill. et Perr. EP.). Legum. 

 (in. 7). 70 warm. From the pith-like wood of A. aspera L. 

 (shola, pith-plant) the solar helmets of trop. As. are made. 



Aesculus L. (incl. Pavia Boerh.). Hippocastanaceae (Sapind. BH.). 

 20 N. temp., S. Am. A. Hippocastanum L. (horse-chestnut) and 

 several of Pavia orn. trees. A. ohioensis Michx. (glabra Willd.) 

 buckeye (U.S.). Trees with large winter buds, covered with 

 resinous scale 1., containing next year's shoot and infl. very ad- 

 vanced. The bud expands rapidly in spring. In A . pawiflora Walt, 

 transitions from scale to perfect 1. may be seen, showing the former 

 to = leaf bases. L. opp., exstip., palmate; the blades when young 

 are hairy and hang downwards. Owing to different lengths of stalk, 

 &c. , the 1., looked at from above, form a very good mosaic, and are 

 all equally exposed to light. Infl. mixed, the primary structure 

 racemose, the lat. branches cymose (cmcinni). Upper fls. <? with 

 rudimentary ovary, and open first. ? fls. protog. The chief visitors 

 are bees. On the C are yellow spots, which later on turn red 

 (cf. Fumaria, Diervilla, &c.). K (5) ; C 5 or 4 zygomorphic; 

 A 8 5 introrse; disc extrastaminal, often one-sided; G (3), 3-loc., 

 with 2 ov. in each loc. Fr. a leathery caps., usu. i -seeded, 3-valved; 

 seed large, exalb. (cf. this fr. with Castanea). 



Aestivalis (Lat.), of summer. 



Aestivation, arrangement of perianth 1. in the bud. L. or segments 

 not even meeting at edges, the a. is open (C of Cruciferae, see floral 

 diagrams), touching but not overlapping, valvate (C of Compositae), 

 overlapping, imbricate (K of Leguminosae). Special cases of imbr. 

 are convolute or contorted (each 1. overlapping with the same right or 

 left edge, so that the C looks twisted, as in Ericaceae) and qtiin- 

 cttncial (two 1. overlapping with both edges, two underlapping with 

 both, one over- and under-lapping, as in K of Caryophyllaceae). 

 Each 1. overlapping the one post, to it, ascending (K of Vicia in 

 Leguminosae), ant. to it, descending (C of Vicia). L. margins turned 

 inwards, indnplicate (C of many Compositae), outwards, reduplicate. 

 L. rolled up inwards like watch springs, circinate (petals of Hama- 

 melidaceae). 



Aetaerio, Etaerio. 



Aetanthus Engl. Loranthaceae (i). 10 N. Andes. 



Aetheilema K. Br.= Phaylopsis Willd. (Acanth.) 



