46 APO- 



-petalous, polypetalous ; -spory, Filicineae Leptosp., Dryopteris ; 

 -tropous, anatr. with ventral raphe. 



Apocarpae (HH.}. The 6th series of Monocotyledons. 



Apochoris Duby. Primulaceae. i N. China. 



Apocopis Nees. Gramineae (2). 8 China to Madag. 



Apocynaceae (EP., BH.}. Dicots. (Sympet. Contortae). 130 gen., 

 1000 sp., mostly trop. ; a few temp.; Vinca minor gives the N. limit 

 in Eur. Erect plants rare, mainly twining shrubs ; in the tropics 

 many are large lianes. The stem has bi-collateral bundles ; latex always 

 present. L. simple, usu. opp., entire, rarely with small interpet. 

 stip. The primary type of infl. is a panicle, but in its later branchings 

 it sometimes goes over into a dich. cyme or a cincinnus. Br. and 

 bracteoles both present. 



Fir. 5 , reg., 5- or 4-merous. K (5), deeply lobed, quincuncial 

 with odd sep. post.; C (5), usu. salver- or funnel-shaped, often hairy 

 within, convolute (valvate in a few rare gen.) ; A 5, alt. with pets., 

 epipet., with short incl. filaments; anther lobes full of pollen to the 

 base, or empty at base and prolonged into rigid spines. Disc usu. 

 present. G (2) or 2 (united by' style) or more, i- 01 2-loc. when 

 syncp. Ov. GO , anatr., pend. ' Style usu. simple with thickened 

 head. Berry, or more often 2 follicles. Seeds usu. flat and often 

 with a crown of hairs serving for wind distr. Endosperm or none ; 

 embryo straight. 



In the common A. with a large stylar head the stigma is at the 

 edge or under surface of the head and self-fert. is almost impossible. 

 An interesting mech. is found in Apocynum androsaemifohum. Many 

 are showy ornamentals. Funtumia, Hancornia, Landolphia, Willugh- 

 beia, &c. yield rubber. Several yield useful drugs, alkaloids, &c. 

 Classification and chief genera (after K. Schumann) : 



I. PLUMIEROIDEAE (sta. free or only loosely joined to 



stylar head ; thecae full of pollen, rarely with spines ; 

 seeds usu. without hairs) : 

 i. Arduineae (syncarpous ; style not split at base) : Arduina, 



Allamanda, Landolphia. 

 i. Pleiocarpeae (apocarpous ; style split at base ; more than 



2 cpls.) : Pleiocarpa. 



3. Plumiereae (ditto ; 2 cpls. ) : Plumiera, Amsonia, Vinca, 

 Tabernaemontana, Cerbera. 



II. ECHITOIDEAE (sta. firmly joined to stylar head ; thecae 



empty at base, and with spines; seeds hairy) : 



1. Echitideae (anthers included) : Apocynum, Nerium, Stro- 



phanthus, Dipladenia. 



2. Parsonieae (anthers excluded): Parsonsia, Lyonsia, 



Wrightia. 



Apocynum (Tourn.) L. Apocyn. (n. i). 20 N. temp. Some cult., 

 incl. A. androsaemifolium L. (American fly-trap), which has fl. mech. 

 like Asclepiadaceae. Ov. crowned by disc, stigmatic below and 

 surrounded by rigid lignified sta., at whose base is honey. An insect 

 withdrawing its proboscis usu. brings it up the narrow slit between 

 sta., at whose base is a drop of cement. Higher up the anthers open 

 laterally, and thus the pollen is attached to the proboscis, but strength 



