CARLUDOV1CA 119 



Compositae (11). 20 Eur., N. Afr., As. (thistles). C. nutans 

 L. and others in Brit. 



Cardwellia F. Muell. Proteaceae (il). i Queensland. 



Carelia Less. Compositae (2). i S. Brazil. 



Carex(DilL) L. Cyperaceae (u). 800 N. and S. temp , in marshes, &c. 

 About 60 Brit, (sedges). Grass-like pi. Pseudo-spikelets i-fld., in 

 long spikes, which are sometimes unisex., sometimes with both 3 

 and ? fls. The ? fl. has a second glume (see fam.). The fls. are 

 protog. and \vind-fert. There is considerable veg. repr. by offshoots. 

 Many Brit. sp. are alpine ; others, e.g. C. arenaria L., grow on sand- 

 dunes and have the habit of Ammophila. 



Careya Roxb. Lecythidaceae (Myrtaceae, BH.}. 4 Indomal., Austr. 

 C. arborea Roxb. (patana oak) is almost the only tree on the great 

 grassy expanses known as patanas in Ceylon. 



Carica L. Caricaceae. 35 sp. warm Am. C. Papaya L. (papaw), 

 universally cult, in the trop. for its fr. The 1. and the unripe fr. 

 contain a milky juice in which is the proteid-ferment papain, and in 

 Ceylon, &c. it is collected for use in digestive salts. Meat wrapped 

 in the 1. and buried becomes tender through a partial digestion of 

 the fibres (Umney in Knv Bull. 1897). C. candamarcensis Hook, 

 f. is also cult, in trop. mountains for its ed. fr. 



Caricaceae (EP.; Passifloraceae p.p. BH.}. Dicot. (Archichl. Parie- 

 tales). 2 gen., 40 sp. trop. Am. Small trees, branched or not, with 

 a term, crown of 1 , and milky juice. Fls. in loose infls., unisex. 

 5-merous, C twisted in bud ; i with long C tube and 2 whorls intr. 

 epipet. sta. ; ? with short tube, i- or 5-loc. ov. , short style, and 

 C S stigmas : ov. cc anatr. on parietal plac. Berry. Endosp. 



Caricature pi. (Ceylon), Graptophyllum hortense Nees. 



Caries, decay. 



Carina, a keel, Leguminosae. 



Cariniana Casar. (Couralari Aubl. BH.}. Lecythidaceae. 7 trop. Am. 

 Wood (jiquitiba) valuable. 



Carionia Naud. Melastomaceae (i). 2 Phil. Is. 



Carissa L. (Anhiina Mill.). Apocynaceae (i. i). 20 sp. W. Afr. 

 to Austr. Shrubs with branch thorns. C. Caraniias L. has 

 ed. fr. 



Carlemannia Benth. Rubiaceae (i. 2). 3 Himal. 



Carlesia Dunn. Umbelliferae (in. 5). i China. 



Carlina L. Compositae (n). 20 Eur., Medit. C. vulgaris L. (carline- 

 thistle) Brit. C. acauh's L. is the weather-thistle of the Alps, &c. 

 The outer bracts of the involucre are prickly, the inner membranous 

 and shining. They spread out like a star in dry air, but in damp 

 weather bend inwards. 



Carline thistle, Carlina vulgaris L. 



Carlotea Arrucla. Inc. sed. 2 Brazil. 



Carlowrightia A. Gray. Acanth. (iv. B). 15 S.W. U.S., Mex., 

 N.Z. 



Carludovica Ruiz et Pav. Cyclanthaceae. 40 trop. Am. Habit that 

 of a small palm (a few climbers) with short stem and fan 1., in whose 

 axils arise the infls. Each is a cylindrical spadix, enclosed at first in 

 a number of br., which fall off and leave it naked. Its surface is 



