172 CO NI FERAE 



and is produced in enormous quantities. About the time it is shed 

 the scales of the ? cones open to receive it and the grains adhere to the 

 sticky fluid at the apex of the ovule. Fert. often does not take place 

 for a long time afterwards (see Finns). 



The seeds in many genera with woody cones (e.g. Firms) are 

 winged for wind-carriage ; in other genera they are animal-distributed, 

 e.g. Juniperus (cone fleshy), Taxus (fleshy aril), cic. 



Further details of morphology, life history, >S:c. under Gyi/mo- 

 sperniae, Pinus and other gen. See also Retinospora for the peculiar 

 case of pi. retaining the ' seedling' form throughout life. 



Economically the C. are most important, furnishing the greater 

 proportion of our timber, as well as resins, tars, turpentines, &c. 

 See gen., esp. Abies, Pinus, Larix, Tsuga, Libocedrus, Juniperus, 

 Taxus, &c. 



Classification and Key to Genera (after Eichler and Engler) : 



Fam. i. TAXACEAE. Mostly dioecious ; cone-formation imper- 

 fect ; cpls. usu. few or even i terminal, with i 2 ov. each ; 

 seeds projecting beyond cpls., or even naked, with fleshy aril or 

 drupaceous testa; chiefly"^. 



A. Anther with i pollen-sacs; cpls. i co , with i ov., often 

 very small ; ovuliierous scale in all but Pherosphaera, often 

 united to integument. I. PODOCARPOIDEAE. 



a. Ovuliferous scale o; ov. at base of cpl., erect; 1. scaly. 



i . Pherosphaereae. 

 i. Pherosphaera. 



b. Ovuliferous scale present ; 1. usu. linear. 



i. Podocarpeae. 

 a. Ov. scale and integument separate. 



I. Cpls. many; ov. scale membranous, little enlarged. 



1. Cpls. whorled, thick, obtuse; seeds free; 1. scaly. 



i. Microcachrys. 



2. Cpls. spiral, imbr. ; seeds in groove at base, 



small; fr. cpls. united; 1. linear. 



3. Saxegothaea. 



II. Cpls. i few ; ov. scale developed; young ov. 



pend., ultimately mostly upright, rarely stationary, 

 enclosed in ov. scale. 4. Dacrydium. 



p. Ov. scale completely curved into itself, united with 

 integument of pend. ov., falling with seed; cpls. 

 usu. small, much shorter than ov. 



5. Podocarpus. 



B. Anther with 2 loc. ; cpls. with i ov. ; seeds surrounded by 

 cupule; twigs phylloclades with tooth-like 1. -rudiments. 



II. PHYLLOCLADOIDEAE. 

 Only genus 6. Phyllocladus. 



C. Anther with 3 8 loc.; cpls. with 2 ov., or fl. reduced to 

 i ov. term, on axis covered with scale 1.; ov. scale o; seeds 

 with cupule, exc. in 7. III. TAXOIDEAE. 



a. ? fl. of several decussate cpls.; cpl. with 2 ov. 



i . Cephalotaxeae. 

 7. Cephalotaxus. 



