CRUPTNA 189 



ways, either || or JL the replum ; this char, is of systematic importance. 

 It may also be jointed between the seeds as in a lomentum (Legumi- 

 nosae). Achene-like one-seeded fr. occur in a few gen. Others have 

 subterranean fr. (Cardamine sp., &c.). 



The chars, of the seed are also of great importance in classification. 

 The seed is exalb. : the testa is often mucilaginous, swelling up when 

 wetted (e.g. the familiar case of mustard seed). The ovules being 

 campylotr., the embryo sacs, and embryos, are curved, usu. with the 

 radicle in one half of the seed, the cots, in the other. The shape of 

 the embryo and the position of the radicle with regard to the cots, 

 are important. The chief cases are: (i) radicle incumbent (or embryo 

 notorhizal), i.e. lying on the back of one cot., the cots, not being 

 folded on themselves; this may be shown thus o||, the o repres. the 

 radicle; (2) decumbent (or embryo pleurorhizal}, o=, the radicle 

 against the edges of the cots. ; (3) orthoplocous (cots, conduplicate), 

 o> >; (4) spirolol'ous, as in (i) but cots, once folded, o||||; (5) diple- 

 cotoboits, ditto twice or more folded, o||||||l|. 



For plants of economic value see esp. Brassica (which gives a 

 number of valuable vegetables), Sinapis, Nasturtium, Lepidium, &c. 

 All C. are harmless, and most are rich in sulphur compounds (to 

 which the smell of boiling cabbages is due), and are thus useful in 

 scurvy, &c. 



Classification and chief genera (after Frantl) : 



The grouping of the smaller divisions of the fam. and the defining 

 of the genera is a most difficult task. Many classifications have been 

 devised. Prantl (in Nat. Pfl.} bases his largely upon the hairs borne 

 on the leaves. Others rely on characters of fruit and embryo, &c. In 

 any case the identification of a cruciferous genus is a difficult matter. 



A. Hairs simple or none : no glandular hairs. 



1. Thelypodieae (stigma equally developed all round; style un- 

 divided or prolonged above middle of cpls., or turned back) : 

 Pringlea, Thelypodium, Heliophila. 



2. Sinapeae (stigma better developed over placentae) : Subu- 

 laria, Lepidium, Iberis, Cochlearia, Alliaria, Sisymbrium, 

 Cakile, Isatis, Vella, Sinapis, Brassica, Raphanus, Crambe, 

 Nasturtium, Cardamine, Lunaria. 



B. Hairs branched (a few exceptions) : Sometimes also glandular 



hairs. 



3. Schizopctaleae (stigma equal all round) : Schizopetalum, 

 Physaria. 



4. Hesperideae (stigma better developed over placentae) : Cap- 

 sella, Draba, Arabis, Erysimum, Cheiranthus, Alyssum, 

 Anastatica, Malcomia, Hesperis, Matthiola, Conringia. 



Cruckshankia Hook, et Am. Rubiaceae (i. 2). 5 Chili. 



Cruddasia Prain. Leguminosae (in. 10). i N. India. 



Crudia Schreb. (Apalaton Aubl.). Legumin. (n. 3). 20 trop. 



Cruentus (Lat.), blood coloured. 



Crula Nieuwland (Acer p.p.). Aceraceae. 7 E. As. 



Crumenaria Mart. Rhamnaceae. 5 trop. Brazil. 



Crunocallis Rydberg (Claytonia p.p.). Portul. i Arct. As. Am. 



Crupina Dill, ex L., Cass. Compositae (i i). 2 S. Eur. to Persia. 



