CYPERORCHIS 



201 



Cynometra L. Leguminosae (n. 2). 30 trop. C. cauliflora L. is a 



good example of stem-fruiting or cauliflory. 

 Cynomoriaceae (EP.; Balanophoraceae p.p. BH). Dicots. (Archichl. 



Myrtiflorae). Only genus Cynomorium, q.v. 

 Cynomorium Mich. ex. L. Cynomoriaceae. i Medit, C. coccineum 



L. Khiz. brownish, total parasitic herbs with polygamous fls. $ fl. 



with epig. sta. Ovule i, pend. 



Cynorchis Thou. (Cynosorckis). Orchid, (n. i). 15 trop. Afr., Madag. 

 Cynosciadium DC. Umbelliferae (in. 5). 3 N. Am. 

 Cynosurus L. Gramineae (10). 5 Old World temp., 2 Brit, (dog's- 

 tail grass), one, C. cn's/attis L., a valuable pasture and fodder. 

 Cypella Herb. Iridaceae (n. i). 5 temp. S. Am. One sp. unfolds 



its fls. in great numbers at definite times. 

 Cypellium Desv. Inc. sed. i Guiana. 

 Cyperaceae (EP., BH.). Monocots. (Glumiflorae; Glumaceae BH.). 



65 gen., 2600 sp., cosmop., chiefly marsh-pi. Grass-like pi. (sedges), 



mostly perenn. with creeping sympodial rhiz. The new shoot of 



each year is adnate, for an internode or more, to the parent shoot, 



so that the branching seems at first sight extra-axillary. The aerial 



shoot is usu. grass-like, bat the stem solid and angular with 3 ranks 



of 1. The 1. is sheathing at the base, but the sheath is entire, not 



split as in a grass. The unit of infl. is again a spikelet ; the total 



infl. may be a spike or panicle as in grasses. In many sedges the 



spikelet is cymose a sympodium 



and should perhaps be termed 



a pseudo-spikelet. The fl. is 



borne in the axil of a glume 



and may be ? or unisexual; it is 



usu. naked but may have a P of 



6 (or oo ) small scales or hairs ; 



A 3, G (3) or (2), i-loc., with 



long feathery (anemoph. ) stigmas ; 



ovule i, basal, anatr. In Carex, 



&c., the $ fl. is borne in the axil 



of a second glume (the utricle) 



which closely enwraps it (in the 



figure it is shown diagiammati- 



cally). The fls. are wind-pollinated. Fr. an achene, the testa not 



adhering to the pericarp. The sedges are of little economic value ; 



see Cyperus. 



Classification and chief genera (after Engler) : 



I. SCIRPOIDEAE (fls. $ in many-fld. spikelets, or single 

 i ? with or without trichomes) : Cyperus, Eriophorum, 

 Scirpus, Eleocharis, Fimbristylis. 



II. RHYNCHOSPOKOIDEAE (fls. or 3 ? with or with- 

 out trichomes in few-fld. spike-like cymes aggregated into 

 spikes or heads): Schoenus, Cladium, Rhynchospora, Ma- 

 pania, Scleria. 



III. CARICOIDEAE (fls. <? 9, naked, usu. in many-fld. 

 spikes; ? enclosed by utricle) : Carex, Uncinia. 



Cyperorchis Blume. Orchidaceae (n. 17). 3 Himal. Cult. orn. fls. 



Diagrams of Carex (after Eichler). A, 

 diagram of a 2-carpelled ? flr. . B, side 

 viewof ? flr. a. =axis of spikelet ; utr. 

 = utricle. 



