ACACIA 7 



No short shoots. On the main stem the symmetry is radial, whilst on 



the horizontal branches the 1. twist so as to get their surfaces all much 



in one plane. If the top bud or leader be destroyed, however, a branch 



bud below it takes up the vertical growth and radial symmetry. Cones 



large, arranged much like Finns; ? often brightly coloured, though 



wind-fertilised. The carpel-scales are large and appear on the outside of 



the cone between the ovuliferous scales. The cone ripens in one year. 

 A. pectinata DC. (silver-fir, Mts. ofS. Eur.) yields a valuable wood, 



'Strasburg' turpentine, &c. A. balsamea Mill. (E. N. Am., balsam 



fir) yields the turpentine known as Canada balsam. Many others yield 



useful timbers and resins. Handsome trees; commonly cult, are A. 



concolor Lindl. et Gord. (N. W. Am.), A.firma Sieb. et Zucc. (Japan), 



A. nobilis Lindl. (N. W. Am.), A. Nordmanniana Spach (Caucasus), 



A. Pinsapo Boiss. (Spain), A. Webbiana Lindl. (Himal.). 



Abietineae, a tribe ofConiferae Pinaceae. 



Abildgaardia Vahl. = Fimbristylis Vahl p.p. (Cyper.). 



Abiogenesis, spontaneous generation. 



Abobra Naud. Cucurbitaceae (3). t temp. S. Am. 



Abola Lindl Orchidaceae (n. 19). i Colombia. 



Abolboda Humb. et Bonpl. Xyridaceae. 10 S. Am. 



Abortion, imperfect or arrested development. 



Abroma Jacq. Sterculiaceae. 10 trop. As. to Austr. A. augusta L. 

 (Indomal.) bark yields a good fibre. 



Abroma Juss. Nyctaginaceae. 30 N. Am. Anthocarp winged. 



Abrophyllum Hook. f. Saxifragaceae (v). i E. Austr. 



Abrotanella Cass. Compositae (7). 15 Rodriguez, Tierra del Fuego, 

 Austr., N.Z., Auckland Is. 



Abrotanum (Tourn.) L.= Artemisia Tourn. p.p. (Compos.). 



Abrus L. Leguminosae (in. 9). 6 trop. A . precatorius L. has hard 

 red seeds with black tips (crab's eyes), strung into necklaces, 

 rosaries, &c., and used as weights (rati) in India (cf. Adenanthera). 

 See Keiv Bull. 1890, p. i (Weather Plant). The roots are used in 

 India as Indian liquorice. 



Absinthe, Artemisia. 



Absinthium Tourn. ex L. = Artemisia Tourn. p.p. (Compos.). 



Absolmsia O. Ktze. (Astrostemma p.p.Bff.). Asclepi.(ii. i). i Borneo. 



Abundance |CI.), the total number of individuals in an area. 



Abuta (Barr.) Aubl. Menispermaceae. totrop. S. Am. A.rufescens 

 Aubl. (Guiana) yields white Pareira root. 



Abutilon Tourn. Malvaceae (2). 100 trop. and sub-trop. Noepicalyx. 

 Fl. mech. like Malva silvestris, but some are self-sterile; the sta. do 

 not move down, and the styles emerge through the anther-mass. Many 

 visited by humming-birds. A. Avicennae Gaertn. cult, in China for 

 fibre China jute. 



Abyssinian banana, Musa Ensete}. F. Gmel.; primrose, Primula. 



Acacallis Lindl. (Aganisia Lindl. EP.). Orchid, (n. 13). i N. Brazil. 



Acacia (Tourn.) L. Leguminosae (r. i). 500 trop. and sub-trop., 

 mostly trees (wattles); typical leaf-form bipinnate with oo leaflets and 

 small scaly slips. About 300 sp., forming the Phyllodineae (chiefly 

 in Austr., where they are char., and Polynes.), have simple leaf- 

 like phyllodes, i.e. petioles flattened so as to place their surfaces 



