486 PANDANUS 



seeds as cpls. Seeds album. The pericarp is rich in fibres. The fr. 

 of some are cooked and eaten, e.g. P. leram Jones, the Nicobar bread- 

 fruit. The 1. of many are used for weaving, e.g. P. tectoriiis Sol., 

 which is cult, in Java. Several have sweetly scented fls. or 1. which 

 are used for ornament and otherwise in the East. 



Panderia Fisch. et Mey. Chenopodiaceae (A), i Syria, Persia. 



Pandiaka Moq., Benth. et Hook. f. (Achyranthes p.p. EP.). Amaran- 

 taceae (i). 10 trop. Afr. 



Pandorea Spach (Teconia p.p. BH.}. Bignoniaceae (2). 6 E. Indo- 

 mal. 



Pandurate, fiddle-shaped. 



Paneion Lunell (Poa p.p.). Gramineae (10). 12 N. Am. 



Pangium Reinw. Flacourtiaceae (3). 2 Malay Archip. The seeds of 

 P. ednle Reinw. are eaten after long soaking to dissipate the hydro- 

 cyanic acid which they, like all parts, contain (Treub in Ann. Buit. 

 XIII. i). 



Panic grass (Am.), Panicuin. 



Panicle, a compound raceme, Avena. 



Panicularia Fabr. (Glyceria p.p.). Gramineae (10). 20 Am. 



Panicum L. Gramineae (5). 400 trop. and warm temp. The spikelets 

 are i- or 2-flowered. Many P., known as millets, are important cereals, 

 extensively cult, in India, S. Eur., &c., e.g. P. miliaceiim L., the 

 common millet, P. miliare Lamk., the little millet, and other minor 

 sp. Many are important fodder plants, e.g. P. maximum Jacq. (trop. ; 

 Guinea grass), P. niolle Sw. (trop. Am. ; Mauritius grass), P. Cnis- 

 galli L. (Am., nat. in Brit.; the barnyard grass of the U.S.), P. san- 

 guinale L. and others (crab or panic grasses of U.S.). Many are dis- 

 tributed by animals, for the joints of the stem will grow after passing 

 the alimentary canal. 



Panisea Lindl. Orchidaceae (n. 16). 2 Himalaya, Khasias. 



Pannosus (Lat.), felt-like. 



Panopsis Salisb. Proteaceae (n). 8 trop. Am. 



Pansy, Viola tricolor L., &c. 



Pantacantha Spegazz. Solanaceae (4). i Patagonia. 



Pantathera Phil. Gramineae (10). i Juan Fernandez. 



Pantlingia Prain (Stigmatodactyliis p.p. EP.). Orchid, (n. 2). i 

 Himal. 



Panurea Spruce ex B. et H. f. Leguminosae (in. i). i N. Brazil. 



Papain, papaw, Carica Papaya L. 



Papaver Tourn. ex L. Papaveraceae (n). 90 Eur., As., Am., S. Afr., 

 Austr. P. Rhocas L. and 3 others (poppy) in Brit. The fls. nod in 

 bud, not by their own weight, but by more rapid growth of one side 

 of the stalk. Ovary crowned by a sessile rayed stigma, each lobe of 

 which stands over a placenta instead of as usual over a midrib. This 

 is commonly explained by supposing each actual ray of the stigma to 

 be formed of one half of each of two adjacent stigmas. The fl. of most 

 contains no honey, and is homogamous ; both cross- and self-pollina- 

 tion usually occur with insect visits. Fr. a round caps., opening by 

 pores under the eaves of the roof formed by the dry stigmas, so that 

 the seeds are protected from rain and can only escape when the capsule 

 is shaken by strong winds or other agencies (censer mechanism, cf. 



