SAL VINIA CEAE 583 



Fr. a i-seeded berry or drupe. Seed exalbum. Genera: Azima, 

 Dobera, Salvadora. The relationships are doubtful, for we do not 

 know if the polypetaly of A. and D. is original or secondary. If the 

 former, the order must perhaps be placed near Celastraceae. 

 Salver-shaped (C),flat, with long tubular portion, Primula. 

 Salvertia A. St Hil. Vochysiaceae. i campos of S. Brazil. 

 Salvia (Tourn.) L. Labiatae (vi). 550 trop. and temp. 6". Verbe- 

 naca L. (sage) and S.pratensis L. (clary) in Brit. The sta. are reduced 

 to 2 (the ant.), each of which has a sort of T-shape, the connective 

 of the versatile anther being greatly elongated. The stalks of the sta. 

 stand up together across the mouth of the fl., and a bee, in pushing 

 down towards the honey, comes into contact with the inner end of the 

 anther, and raising it causes the outer to descend upon its back and 

 to rub it with pollen. In some forms of S. both ends of the lever 

 bear fertile anthers; but in most the useless half-anther at the inner 

 end is aborted, and the outer half of the connective is much longer 

 than the inner (compare S. officinalis with S. pratensis}. The fl. is 

 protandrous, and in the later stage the style bends down and places 

 the stigma in position to be touched first by an entering insect. Some 

 have coloured bracts at the top of the infl., adding to its conspicuous- 

 ness. .9. officinalis L. (Medit.) is the garden sage. 

 Salviacantlms Lindau. Acanthaceae (iv. B). i Cameroons. 

 Salviastram Scheele. Labiatae (vi). 3 Texas, New Mexico. 

 Salvinia (Mich.) Schreb. Salviniaceae. 10 trop. and warm temp., incl. 

 S. natans (L.) All. The pi. floats freely on the water; at each node 

 is a whorl of three L, and the whorls alt. with one another. There 

 are two floating 1. derived from the upper half of a segment of the 

 apical cell (see fam.), and a submerged 1. derived from the lower. 

 There are no roots, their function being performed by the finely divided 

 submerged 1. (cf. Trapa, Ranunculus, Cabomba). The sporocarps are 

 borne several together as outgrowths from the base of a submerged 1. 

 The microspores germinate inside the sporangium, the prothalli 

 emerging through its wall as fine tubes, at the end of which the 

 antheridia form. 



Salviniaceae. Filicales Leptosporangiatae. Two genera, Salvinia (1. 

 in whorls of 3) and Azolla (1. in two ranks), with 15 sp., trop. and 

 temp. Water plants, with a stem floating upon the water, and growing 

 by a two-sided apical cell (3-sided in the young embryo, as in other 

 Filicales). A dorsiventral construction thus arises; segments are cut 

 off right and left from the apical cell, and the first division of each of 

 these segments divides it into a dorsal and a ventral half. In S. the 

 dorsal halves give rise to the floating, the ventral to the submerged 1. ; 

 in A. the former give rise to the 1., the latter to the branches and roots. 

 The sporangia are grouped into sori; the sorus is enclosed in a highly 

 developed indusium, forming a sporocarp. Each contains only one 

 kind of sporangium (micro- or mega-sporangia). The sporocarp is an 

 outgrowth of a 1., in S. of a submerged L, in A. of the ventral lobe 

 of an ordinary 1. The spore is covered with an epispore, consisting of 

 hardened frothy mucilage. It sinks, when set free from the sporangium. 

 On germ, the microspore forms a rudimentary <$ prothallus consisting 

 of one (Pmore) veg. cell and an antheridium. The megaspore forms 



