5 86 SAPINDA CEAE 



well-marked disc between it and the sta. ; A usu. 5 + 5 in one whorl, 

 often with i absent, more rarely 5, 4, or oo , inserted within or rarely 

 upon the disc round the rudimentary ovary; G in ? fl. usu. (3), 3-loc. 

 with term, style; ovules usu. i in each loc., ascending, with ventral 

 raphe. Fr. a caps., nut, berry, drupe, schizocarp, or samara, usu. large, 

 often red ; seed often arillate, with no endosp. ; embryo usu. curved. 



Many S. are of economic value ; several yield valuable timber ; 

 Nephelium, Litchi, and others furnish ed. fr. 



Classification and chief genera (after Radlkofer) : 



I. EUSAPINDACEAE (ov. sol. in loc., erect or ascending, 



micropyle down) : Serjania, Paullinia, Sapindus, Talisia, 

 Schleichera, Litchi, Nephelium, Pappea, Cupania, Blighia. 



II. D VSSAPINDACEAE (ov. usu. 2 or several in each loc., 



in the first case erect or pend., in the second horiz. , rarely 

 i pend. with micropyle up) : Koelreuteria, Dodonaea. 

 Sapindales. The 24th order (EP.) of Archichlamydeae. The loth 



(BH.) of Polypetalae. 



Sapindus Tourn. ex L. Sapindaceae (i). n trop. and subtrop. exc. 

 Afr. and Austr. The berries of S. Saponaria L. (Am.) contain 

 saponin, form a lather with water, and may be used as soap. 

 Sapium P. Br. Euphorbiaceae (A. n. 7). 35 trop. Seeds of S. 

 sebiferum Roxb. (tallow-tree, China) are coated with fat; they also 

 yield an oil by pressure. Some yield rubber (Bolivian, Colombian). 

 Sapodilla plum, Achras Sapota L. 



Saponaria L. Caryophyllaceae (n. 2). 20 N. temp., chiefly Medit. 

 S. officinalis L. (soapvvort) in Brit. Its leaves lather if rubbed with 

 water. Fls. protandrous, butterfly-visjted. 



Saponin, Cklorogalum, Gonania, Limoiiia, Sapindus, Saponaria. 

 Sapota Plum, ex Mill. = Achras L. (Sapot.). 



Sapotaceae (EP., BH.). Dicots. (Sympet. Ebenales). 35 gen., 600 sp. , 

 trop., mostly trees with entire leathery 1., sometimes slip. They are 

 commonly hairy with 2-shanked hairs, and contain secretory passages 

 in pith, cortex and 1. Fls. sol. or in cymose bunches in the 1. axils 

 or on old stems, bracteolate, $ , reg. or not. K 2 + 2, 3 + 3, 4 + 4, 

 or 5 ; C usu. equal in number to sepals, and alt. with the K as 

 a whole, as in Cruciferae, rarely in 2 whorls. In Miniusopeae the 

 petals have dorsal appendages like themselves, giving the appearance 

 of more than one whorl. Sta. in 2 or 3 whorls, but frequently the 

 outer staminodial or absent ; anthers commonly extr. G, syncarpous, 

 multiloc. ; cpls. = or twice the number of sta. in a whorl, or more ; 

 ovules at base of axile placenta, one in each loc., anatr. with micropyle 

 facing down ; style simple. Beriy, the flesh sometimes sclerenchy- 

 matous near the surface. Seeds few or one, usually album. ; endosp. 

 oily ; testa hard and rich in tannin. 



Many S. furnish useful products, esp. gutta-percha and balata ; 

 see all genera below. A fam. of conspic. economic value. 

 Classification ana chief genera (after Engler): 



I. Palaqiiieae (petals without appendages): Bassia, Payena, 

 Palaquium, Achras, Butyrospermum, Sideroxylon, Chryso- 

 phyllum. 

 II. Mimusofeae (petals with appendages see above) : Mimusops. 



