VAHADENIA 673 



trap-door entrances. Small Crustacea and other animals push their 

 way into the bladders and are not able to escape, for the doors only 

 open from outside. The plant takes up the products of the decay of 

 the organisms thus captured; it is very doubtful whether any special 

 ferment is secreted. Other sp. are land pi. with peculiar runners, 

 which develop in the moss or other substratum, on which they grow, 

 and there bear the bladders. Others again, e.g. U. montana Poir., 

 are epiph. with water storage in tuberous branches. The 1. of all 

 these forms are simple. Goebel (PJianzenbiol. Sch.} has investigated 

 the development of U. and finds that all these parts 1., bladders, 

 runners, water-shoots, erect shoots, &c. are practically equivalent 

 to one another, and that the same rudiment at the growing point may 

 give rise to any one of them, or that they may themselves change from 

 one to another type. Similarly on germ, a lot of spirally-arranged 

 primary 1. are produced, and then one or two water-shoots appear lat. 

 on the growing point, bearing no direct relation to the 1. in position, 

 but apparently homologous with them. "LikeGenlisea, U. possessed 

 originally a leaf-rosette, ending with an infl., and consisting partly of 

 bladders. Then were added the swimming water-shoots or (in land 

 forms) runners, which though externally unlike leaves (since they 

 develop indefinitely and produce leaves and infls.) yet are originally 

 homologous with them." For further details see Goebel, loc. dt. 

 Hibernation in Brit, sp., &c. by winter buds full of reserves, which 

 drop off and sink. 



Uvaria L. Anonaceae (i). 100 trop. Mostly lianes with recurved 

 hooks (infl. -axes). The connective of the anther is usu. leafy. 



Uvariastrum Engl. Anonaceae (i). 2 W. trop. Afr. 



Uvariopsis Engl. ex Engl. et Diels. Anonaceae (i). i Cameroons. 



Uvarius (Lat.), like a bunch of grapes. 



Uva-Ursi Tourn. ex Moench = Arctostaphylos Adans. p.p. (Eric.). 



Uvifera L., O. Ktze. = Coccoloba L. (Polygon.). 



Uvularia L. Liliaceae (i). 4 E. N. Am. Cult. orn. fl. 



Vaccaria Medic. (Saponaria p.p. BH.}. Caryophyll. (n. 2). 3 Eur., 

 W. As. 



Vacciniaceae (BH.}~ Ericaceae ( in. Vacdnioideae). 



Vacciniopsis Rusby. Ericaceae (in. 2). i Bolivia. 



Vaccinium L. (incl. Oxycoccus Tourn.). Ericaceae (in. i). 120^, 

 Andes, Madag. 4 in Brit. V. Myrlillus L. the whortle-, bil- or 

 blae-berry, common in hilly districts. V. uliginosum L. at high levels. 

 Both have deciduous 1. and blue berries. V. Vitis-Idaea L., the cow- 

 or whimberry (often called cranberry by error), also a mountain sp., 

 evergr. V. Oxycoccus L., the cranberry, in mountain bogs, a trailing 

 evergr. with 1. edges rolled back. The fls. resemble Erica, both in 

 structure and mech., but ov. inf. ; largely visited by bumble-bees. 

 The fleshy fr. is ed. (used for jams, &c.) and is much distr. by birds. 

 That of the N. Am. sp. V. pennsylvanicum Lam. is called blue huckle- 

 berry. 



Vagaria Herb. Amaryllidaceae (i). i Syria. 



Vaginate, sheathed. 



Vagnera Adans. (Smiladna p.p.). Liliaceae (vn). 10 N. Am. 



Vahadenia Stapf (Landolphia p.p.). Apocynaceae (i. i). i Congo. 



w. 



43 



