692 XANTHOCERAS 



Xanthoceras Bunge. Sapindaceae (11). i N. China. Ed. seed. 

 Xanthocercis Baill. Leguminosae (ill. 8). i Madag. 

 Xanthochymus Roxb. =Garcinia L. p.p. (Guttif.). 

 Xanthopappus C. Winkler. Compositae (i i). i N.China. 

 Xanthophyllum Roxb. Polygalaceae. 45 Indomal. G i-loc. with 



parietal plac. Nut one-seeded. 



Xanthophytum Reinw. Rubiaceae (i. 2). 3 Java to Fiji. 



Xanthorrniza Marshall (Zanthorhiza}. Ranuncul. (2). i All. N. Am. 



Xanthorrhoea Sm. Liliaceae (m). 11 Austr. The best known is 



X. hastilis R. Br., the grass-tree, or black-boy, a char, plant of the 



Austr. veg. It has the habit of an Aloe or Dasylirion, with a long 



bulrush-like spike of fls. (really cymose as may be seen from the 



many bracts on the individual fl. -stalks). P sepaloid (X. is placed 



in Juncaceae by Benlh. -Hooker). From the bases of the old leaves 



trickles a resin, used in making varnish, sealing-wax, &c. 



Xanthosia Rudge. Umbelliferae (i. i). 15 Austr. The umbels in 



some are reduced to single fls. 



Xanthosoma Schott. Araceae (vi). 20 trop. Am., W.I. Large herbs 

 (fig. in Kerner's Nat. Hist.]. X. appendicitlatitm Schott has a pocket 

 at the back of the leaf due to a tangential division of the embryonic 

 leaf. Fls. monoec., naked ; synandria. Rhiz. of some ed. like Colo- 

 casia. Cult, (yautia). 



Xanthostemon F. Muell. Myrtaceae (n. i). iSNew Caled., E. Austn 

 Xanthoxalis Small (Oxalis p.p.). Oxalidaceae. 15 N.Am. 

 Xanthoxylum J. F. Gmel. (Zanthoxyluin L. q.v.}. Rutaceae (i). 9 



temp. E. As., N.Am. 



Xatardia Meissn. Umbelliferae (in. 5). i Pyrenees. 

 Xenia, direct influence of foreign pollen on the mother pi. 

 Xenochloa Lichtenstein. Gramineae (inc. sed.). i S. Afr. 

 Xenodendron K. Schum. et Lauterb. Sonneratiaceae. i New Guinea. 

 Xenogamy, pollination from another plant. 

 Xenophya Schott. Araceae (vn). i New Guinea. 

 Xeraea L. = Gomphrena L. (Amarant.). 



Xeranthemum Tourn. ex Linn. Compositae (i i). 6 Medit., Orient. 

 Xero- (Gr. pref.), dry; -chastic, opening by drying; -hylium (Cl.), 

 a dry forest formation; -phile, -pnytic, adj. forms of -phytes, pi. 

 living where the water supply is limited (i.e. esp. in the subtropics, 

 or as halophytes or epiphytes), and with various arrangements re- 

 ducing transpiration. Nearly all have thick cuticle, thick or leathery 

 L, reduced number of stomata, smaller intercellular spaces. Some 

 have (i) stomata sunk in pits, often covered with \\xw,Aloe,Ncrium, 

 Finns, or in grooves, Cactaceae, Capparidaceae, Cassiope, Casuarina, 

 Cheilant/tes, Empetrum, Equisetum, Fhylica,Rosmarimis,SpartintJi, 

 Vaccinium ; (2) 1. rolling up with stomata on hollow side in dry air, 

 Ammophila, Stipa, and other grasses; (3) surface covering of hair, 

 Helichrysutn, Lcontopodium, Stachys, or wax, Agave, Aloe, many 

 Crassulaceae and Liliaceae, or of silica, Crassitla; (4) thick sap, 

 Aloe; (5) overlapping of 1., Aloe, Apicra, Calhtna, Crassulaceae, 

 Gasteria ; (6) tufted growth, Azorella, Draba, Raoulia, and many 

 alpines, e.g. Androsace, Gnaphalium; (7) reduction of transpiring 

 surface in various ways, Aspalathus, Baccliaris, Casuarina, Coni- 



