8o BETULA 



beneath them grows up, carrying all up together). The 2-loc. ovary 

 gives rise to a i -seeded nut, attached to the scale. There is no P. 



Birch-wood is tough and is used for various purposes, e.g. for 

 wooden shoes and for charcoal. The oil prepared from the bark is 

 used in tanning* Russia leather, to which it gives its peculiar fragrance. 

 The bark of B. papyracea Ait. (N. Am.) is used in making canoes. 

 Betulaceae (EP.; Cupuliferae p.p. BH.). Dicots. (Archichl. Fagales). 

 6 gen. with 90 sp., chiefly N. temp. Shrubs or trees with alt. 

 undivided slip. 1., the membranous stips. soon falling. The seedling 

 stems are radial in symmetry, but in the old branches the 1. are often 

 2-ranked and face upwards. 



Fls. monoecious, anemophilous, in terminal catkins ; the stem is 

 thus sympodial. In the axils of the 1. of the catkins are small 

 dichasial cymes, typically of 3 fls. (see Betula, &c.). The central fl. 

 is often absent, and some of the bracteoles also. Thejfl. is united 

 to the bract and may have a perianth ; sta. 2 12. The ? may have 



an epig. perianth. G (2), 2-loc., each with i pend. ovule with one 

 integument. Some genera are chalazogamic. Nut i -seeded; seed 

 exalb. After fert. the bract and bracteoles grow into a scale- or 

 cup-like organ which may remain attached to the fruit. 

 Classification and genera (after Winkler) : 



i. Coryleae (3 fl. solitary, naked, on bract) : Ostryopsis, Carpinus, 

 Ostrya, Corylus. 



i. Betuleae (<J fl. with perianth, in dichasia) : Betula (sta. bifid), 

 Alnus (not). 



Beureria Jacq. (Bourreria P. Br.). Borag. (n). 30 trop. Am., W.I. 



Beyeria Miq. Euphorbiaceae (B. n). 13 Austr. 



Beyeriopsis Muell.-Arg. = Beyeria Miq. p.p. (Euphoria.)- 



Beyrichia Cham, et Schlechtd. Scrophular. (n. 6). 3 Brazil, W.I. 



Bhang, Cannabis. 



Bhotan pine, Pinus excelsa Wall. 



Bi-, bis- (Lat. pref.), two- ; -auriculate, -carpellary, -ceps (Lat. heads), 

 -color (Lat.), -cuspidate, -dentate, -ennial (lasting two- years), 

 -farious (two ranked), -fid, -foliate, -geminate, -labiate, -lateral, 

 -lobus (Lat. lobecl), -locular, -nary (of two members), -nate (of two 

 leaflets), -parous (dichasial), -partite, -pinnate, -seriate, -serrate, 

 -spinose, -sulcate, -ternate, &c., are intelligible enough. 



Biarum Schott. Araceae (vn). 7 Medit. 



Biasolettia Koch (Freyera Rchb.). Umbel, (in. 2). 6 Medit. 



Bicarpellatae (Benth.- Hooker). The 3rd series of Gamopetalae. 



Bicornella Lindl. Orchidaceae (n. i). 2 Madag. 



Bicornes (Warming). The ist order of Sympetalae. 



Bicuculla Borkh. = Adlumia Raf. (Papav.). 



Bicuspidaria Rydb. (Menlzelia L. p.p.). Loasac. 3 Calif. 



Bidaria Decne. = Gymnema R. Br. p.p. (Asclep.). 



Bidens (Tourn.) L. Compositae (5). 120 cosmop. (Spanish needle) ; 

 2 Brit, (bur-marigold). Fr. distr. by the 2 6 barbed bristles of the 

 pappus. B. Beckii'Torr. (N. Am.) a heterophyllous water pi. 



Bidwillia Herb. Liliaceae. Nomen. 



Biebersteinia Steph. Geraniaceae. 4 E. Medit., W. As. 



Bieneria Reichb. f. (Chloraea BH.}. Orchid, (n. 2). i Bolivia. 



