BIGNONIACEAE 81 



Bienertia Bunge. Chenopodiaceae (B). i W. As. 



Biermannia King et Pantl. Orchid, (n. 20). 2 E. Indies. 



Bifaria O. Ktze. (Panicum L. p.p.). Gramin. (5). 3 Brazil. 



Bifaria Van Tiegh. Loranthaceae (i). 50 warm j *. 



Bifora Hoffm. Umbelliferae (in. 3). 4 N. subtrop. 



Bifrenaria Lindl. Orchidac. (n. 12). 14 trop. S. Am. Cult. 



Big, 4- rowed barley. 



Big tree, Sequoia gigantca Lindl. et Gord., Eucalyptus. 



Bigelovia Spreng. = Spermacoce L. (BH. ) = Borreria G. F. W. Mey. 



Bigelowia DC. Compositae (3). 40 N. Am. to Ecuador. 



Biglandularia Karst. (Leiphaimos p.p. EP.}. Gentian, (i). i Venezuela. 



Bignonia (Tourn.) L. (BH. incl. Cremastus, Cydista, Doxantha, 

 Phaedranthus, Pleonotoma, Stizophyllum^ of Miers, and Paragonia 

 Bur., Pyrostegia Presl, making 150 spp. in all). Bignon. (i). 

 2 W. I. to Argentina, incl. B. Ungttis-cati L. cult, for its masses 

 of fl., which appear simultaneously. Tendrils grapnel-like with 

 three claws (modified 1.), thickening after clasping. Fl. protandr. 



Bignoniaceae (BH. EP.). Dicots. (Sympet. Tubiflorae; Personales, 

 BH.). 60 gen., 500 sp. trop. One genus (Catalpa) common to old 

 and new worlds. Most in Brazil ; a few temp. Trees and shrubs, 

 most commonly lianes, with opp. usu. cpd. exstip. 1. Many xero. 

 shrubs with condensed stems, but the chief interest centres in the 

 climbers, a very important feature in the forest veg. of S. Am. 

 Twiners (e.g. Tecomaria, Pandorea), root-climbers (Tecoiua radicans), 

 and tendril climbers (most B.). In Eccremocarpus &c. the inter- 

 nodes and petioles are sensitive, but in most B. the tendrils are at 

 the ends of the 1. (in place of leaflets, as in Vicia). The tendrils are 

 frequently branched ; in some cases the branched tendril occupies the 

 place of one leaflet. Three types of tendril are found simple twiners, 

 tendrils provided with adhesive discs (as in Virginia creeper), and 

 hooked tendrils. See Glaziovia, Bignonia &c. The climbing stems 

 exhibit many features of anatomical interest, owing to the peculiar 

 growth in thickness. 



Infl. usu. dich. with cincinnal tendency ; bracts and bracteoles 

 present. Fir. ,-!, hypog. K (5) : C (5), usu. bell- or funnel-shaped, 

 descendingly imbr.; A 4, epipet., didynamous, the anther-lobes usu. 

 one above the other, the post. std. always present ; G (2) on hypog.disc, 

 2- (or rarely i-) loc., with oo erect anatr. ov. onaxileplac. Caps, septifr. 

 or loculic. : seed usu. flattened and with large membranous wing, exalb. 

 Classification and chief genera (after Schumann): 



I. Bignonieae (ovary completely 2-loc., compressed || septum, or 



cylindrical ; caps, septifr. with winged seeds ; usu. tendril- 

 late) : Glaziovia, Bignonia, Oroxylum. 



II. Tecomeae (ovary 2-loc., compressed _L septum or cylindrical ; 

 caps, loculic. with winged seeds ; rarely tendrillate) : Incar- 

 villea, Jacaranda, Catalpa, Tecoma, Spathodea. 



III. Eccremocarpeae (ovary j-loc. ; caps, splits from below up. ; 

 seeds winged ; tendrils): Eccremocarpus (only gen.). 



IV. Crescentieae (ovary i - or 2-loc. ; fr. berry or dry indehiscent ; 

 seed not winged; usu. erect pi.) : Parmentiera, Crescentia, 

 Phyllarthron, Kigelia. 



w. 6 



