CAMPANULACEAE in 



Camilleugenia Frappier (Cynorchis p.p.)- Orchid. (li. i). i Madag. 



Camnium (Cl.), a succession due to cultivation. 



Camoensia Welw. ex B. and H. Leguminosae (in. i). 3 W. trop. 

 Afr. C. maxima Welw. is a magnificent flowering creeper. 



Camomile, Anthemis. 



Campanales (BH.). The 3rd cohort of Gamopetalae. 



Campanea Decne. Gesneriaceae (n). 6 C. Am. 



Campanocalyx Valeton. Kubiaceae (I. 7). i Borneo. 



Campanolea Gilg et Schellenberg. Oleaceae. i Cameroons. 



Campanula (Tourn.) L. Campanulaceae (i. i). 300 N. temp, and 

 trop. Mts., esp. Meclit. ; 8 Brit. incl. C. rottmdifolia L. (harebell, 

 blue-bell of Scotland). The pollen is shed in the bud, the sta. 

 standing closely round the style and depositing their pollen upon the 

 hairs. As the fl. opens the sta. wither, exc. the triangular bases that 

 protect the honey, and the style presents the pollen to insects. After 

 a time the stigmas separate and the fl. is 9 ; finally the stigmas curl 

 right back on themselves and effect self-pollin. (See fam. and cf. 

 Phyteuma, Jasione.) Seeds light and contained in a caps., which if 

 erect dehisces at the apex, if pend. at the base, so that the seeds 

 (cf. Aconitum) can only escape when the plant is shaken, e.g. in 

 strong winds. Several are cult. (Canterbury bells, &c.). 



Campanulaceae (EP., BH.}. Dicots. (Symp. Campanulatae). 60 gen. 

 1000 sp., temp, and sub-trop., mostly perennial herbs (a few trees 

 and shrubs), with alt., exstip. 1., and usu. with latex. The infl. may 

 term, the primary axis, or one of the second order. It is generally 

 racemose, ending with a term. fl. in Campanuloideae. In some 

 cases, instead of single fls. in the axils of the bracts of the raceme, 

 small dich. occur [cf. Labiatae). Others have the whole infl. cymose 

 (Canarina, Pentaphragma, &c.). 



Fl. usu. 5 , reg. or -|- , epig., generally 5-merous, the odd sepal post, 

 in Campanuloideae, but anterior in the other groups. In these, how- 

 ever, a twisting of the axis through 180 takes place before the fl. 

 opens [cf. Orchid*), so that the odd sepal is finally post. K 5, open ; 



C (5) valvate ; A 5 epig. ; anthers intr., sometimes united ; G (5), (3) 

 or (i), multi-loc. with axile plac. bearing oo anatr. ov. Style simple ; 

 stigmas as many as cpls. Caps, dehisc. in various ways in different 

 gen. , or berry. Fleshy endosp. 



The nat. history of the fl. is of interest, both in itself and as exhibit- 

 ing transitions to the Composite type. Honey is secreted by a disc at 

 base of style and covered in most cases by the triangular bases of the 

 sta., which fit closely together and only allow of the insertion of a 

 proboscis between them. This, taken together with the size of the 

 fls., their frequently blue colour and pendulous position, points to their 

 being best adapted to the visit of bees, as is the case, but there are 

 also many other visitors of various insect classes, so that this fam. 

 cannot be placed in the fl. class H but must go into B. A few 

 exceptions occur; the bulk of the fam. has large fls., conspicuous 

 by themselves, but Phyteuma and Jasione have small fls. massed in 

 heads, and come into class B' along with the Compositae. 



The general principle of the fl. mech. is the same throughout, and 

 agrees with that of Compositae. The fl. is very protandr., and the 



