CONIFERAE 173 



b. v fl. reduced to i ov. term, on axis covered with scale 1. 



2. Taxcae. 

 a. S fl. in pairs in axil of 1., each with 4 decussate scales ; 



anther 4 -loc. 8. Torreya. 



/3. ? fl. usu. single, only one of pair developed, the 

 common axis with scale 1. ; anther 6 8-loc. 



9. Taxus. 



Younger ? fl. unknown ; position doubtful, ? Podocarpoideae ; 

 sta. 2-loc. ; 2 fl. term, or 23 at tip of twig; cpls. 12. 



10. Acmopyle. 

 Fam. 2. PINACEAE. Mostly monoecious ; cones perfect ; seeds 



concealed between scales; testa woody or leathery; no aril. 

 A. L. spirally arranged ; sta. with several long pollen-sacs ; 

 cpls. simple, with i reversed ov. in centre. 



I. Arancarieae. 

 Seeds free from cpl. i r. Agathis. 



,, united lo cpl. 12. Araucaria. 



P>. L. spirally arranged ; cover and ov. scales, the latter usu. 

 large, with 2 ov. II. Abieteae. 



a. Long shoots only present. 



a. Needles 4 -angled ; cone pend.; scales persistent. 



13. Picea. 

 /3. Needles flat. 



I. L. with i central resin canal; cone pend.; scales 



persistent. 14- Tsuga. 



II. L. with 2 lat. resin canals; cone pend. or erect; 

 sta. fl. sol. or umbellate. 



15. Pseudotsuga. 



III. Cone upright with persistent scales. 



1 6. Keteleeria. 



IV. Cone upright with deciduous scales. 



17. Abies. 



b. Long and short shoots both present. 



a. Long shoots with scale 1. only; the green (needle) 1. 



on the short shoots. 18. Firms. 



ft. Needle 1. on both shoots. 



I. Needles evergr. ; fr. 2 3 yrs. in ripening. 



19. Cedrus. 

 II. Deciduous; fr. i yr. in ripening. 



Cone scales persistent. 20. Larix. 

 Cone scales deciduous. 21. Psettdolarix. 



C. L. spirally arranged ; scales rudimentary or weakly developed 

 into cover and ov. scales; ovules 28, axillary and erect, or 

 reversed on edges of cpls. III. Taxodieae. 



a. Long shoots with scale L; short shoots = double needles. 



22. Sciadopitys. 



b. Long shoots only, 

 a. Seed reversed. 



I. Cpl. minute. China, Cochinchina. 



Ovules 3. 23. Cunninghamia. 



Ovules 2. 24. Taiwania. 



