1 96 C YA THE A CEAE 



erect stems, covered with adv. roots and a palm-like crown of 1. at 

 the top. These show circinate vernation, &c., very well. The sori 

 are marginal or on the under side of the 1., naked or with a cup- 

 shaped indusium ; the sporangia are shortly stalked and have a 

 complete excentric annulus. Chief genera: Cyathea, Alsophila, 

 Dicksonia, Hemitelia. 



CyatMum, an infl. reduced to look like a single fl., Euphorbia, Antho- 

 sletna. 



Cyathocalyx Champ, ex Hook. f. et Thorns. Anon. (4). 9 Indomal. 



Cyathocephalum Nakai. Compositae (8). 2 Japan, Manchuria. 



Cyathochaeta Nees. Cyperaceae (n). 4 Austr. 



Cyathocline Cass. Compositae (3). 2 India. 



Cyathodes Labill. (Styphelia p.p. EP.}, Epacrid. 15 Austr. Polynes. 



Cyathogyne Muell.-Arg. Euphorbiaceae (A. i. i). 5 trop. Afr. 



Cyathopsis Brongn. et Gris. (Styphelia p.p. EP.). Epacridaceae (3). 

 2 Indomal. 



Cyathopus Stapf. Gramineae (8). i Indomal. 



Cyathoselinum Eenth. (Scseli p.p. EP.}. Umbellif. (in. 5). i Dal- 

 matia. 



Cyatb-ostelma Fourn. Asclepiadaceae (n. i). 2 Brazil. 



Cyathostemma Griff. Anonaceae (i). 7 Malaya. 



Cyathula Lour. Amarantaceae (2). 10 Afr., As., S.Am. 



Cybele, a flora. 



Cybiantnus Mart. Myrsinaceae (ll). 35 trop. Am. 



Cybistax Mart. Bignoniaceae (2). 3 S. Am. The 1. of C. Spmcei 

 K. Sch. are used as a blue dye, by boiling them with the cloth. 



Cycadaceae (chiefly after Eichler). Gymnospermae. 9 genera with 

 about 75 sp., the survivors of a group of plants which in past ages 

 figured more largely in the flora of the earth, reaching their maximum 

 about the end of the Triassic and beginning of the Jurassic period. 

 They represent the lowest type of living seed-plants and in appear- 

 ance and habit are like tree-ferns. The stem is usu. short and stout, 

 only growing to any noteworthy height in Cycas itself, and is often 

 tuberously swollen; it shows a secondary growth in thickness. It 

 has a long primary tap root. In some sp. a sort of felt-work of 

 roots is formed at the base of the stem, and a number of short lat. 

 branches of these stand erect and may emerge from the soil (see 

 Nat. Pfl.}- The stem has usu. a crown of leaves, and its lower 

 portion is covered with scales. There are, in all except a few sp. of 

 Macrozamia, two sorts of 1., foliage- and scale-1., borne spirally 

 upon the stem, and alt. with one another, as a rule several circles of 

 scales before each circle of foliage 1., which they protect in the bud. 

 The scales are really 1. bases whose blades abort. The foliage 1. are 

 very char. They possess usu. a thickened, woody, sheathing base, 

 which often persists after the fall of the rest of the 1. There is a 

 stout rachis or petiole, frequently thorny at the base, the thorns 

 being ' metamorphosed ' leaflets. Upon its upper side are two 

 grooves, from which spring the leaflets, which may or may not be 

 opp. to one another; there is usu. no term, leaflet. The leaflets 

 may be entire or toothed and are usu. very rigid and leathery. Three 

 types of nervature occur : 



