EDIBLE PRODUCTS 235 



Eclipta L. Compositae (5). 4 Austr. , S. Am. 



Eclopes Gaertn.= Relhania L'Herit. p.p. (Comp.). 



Ecology, relations of plants to their environment. 



Economic Botany, the study of pi. from the point of view of their uses 

 to man ; -products, of value in the arts as food, &c., may be divided 

 into groups: (i) gums, resins, rubbers or caoutchoucs, gutta-perchas, 

 &c. , (2) oils, (3) dyes and tanning stuffs, (4) fibres, (5) drugs, (6) 

 edible products, (7) timbers, and (8) miscellaneous, such as cork, 

 vegetable ivory, weights, beads, &c. For more detail see under 

 each of these heads, and consult Wiesner, Die Rohstoffe des Pflanzen- 

 reichs, Vienna, 1903 ; Watt, The Commercial Products of India ; 

 De Candolle, Origin of Cultivated Plants ; Kew Bulletin and other 

 technical journals. 



Ecphymacalyx Pohl. Inc. sed. Nomen. 



Ecpoma K. Schum. Rubiaceae (i. 7). i trop. Afr. 



Ecpomanthera Pohl. Inc. sed. Nomen. 



Ectadiopsis Benth. Asclepiadaceae (i). 6 trop. and S. Afr. 



Ectadium E. Mey. Asclepiadaceae (i). 2 S. Afr. 



Ectasis D. Don= Erica L. p.p. (Eric.). 



Ectinocladus Benth. Apocynaceae (n. i). i W. Afr. 



Ectotropic, hyphae running between epidermal cells. 



Ectrosia R. Br. Gramineae (ro). 4 Austr. 



Edaphic, of the soil. 



Eddoes (W. I.), Colocasia antiqitorum Schott. 



Edelweiss, Leontopodiuvi alpinum Cass. 



Edgaria C. B. Clarke. Cucurbitaceae (2). i Sikkim. 



Edgeworthia Meissn. Thymelaeaceae. 2 Himalaya, China. 



Edible products, or foodstuffs in a wide sense, are obtained esp. from 

 stores of reserves in pi., e.g. the seeds of cereals, Avena (oat), Coix, 

 Eleusine, Euchlaena, Hordeum (barley), Oryza (rice), Panicum 

 (millet), Paspalum, Pennisetum (bulrush millet), Secale (rye), Setaria, 

 Sorghum (Guinea corn), Triticum (wheat), Zea (maize), Zizania, &c.; 

 the seeds of many JLeguminosae, e.g. Arachis (peanut), Cajanus 

 (cowpea), Cicer (chickpea), Uolichos, Glycine (soy), Lathyrus, Lens 

 (lentil), Phaseolus (beans, &c. ), Pisum (pea), Psophocarpus, Vicia 

 (bean), Voandzeia, &c. ; the seeds of Araucaria, Bertholletia (brazil- 

 nut), Brosimum, Carya, Caryocar, Castanea (chestnut), Castano- 

 spermum, Cocos (coconut), Corylus (hazelnut, filbert), Dioon, Fago- 

 pyrum (buckwheat), Juglans (walnut), Lecythis, Nelumbium, Pistacia 

 (pistachio), Telfairia, Trapa, &c. ; the underground reserves of Allium 

 (onion, &c.), Alocasia, Araceae, Arracacia, Arum, Beta (beetroot), 

 Brassica (turnip, &c.), Canna, Colocasia (taro), Commelina, Daucus 

 (carrot), Dioscorea (yam), Helianthus (Jerusalem artichoke), Ipomoea 

 (sweet potato), Manihot (cassava, tapioca), Maranta (arrowroot), 

 Ophiopogon, Oxalis, Pachyrhizus, Peucedanum (parsnip), Plec- 

 tranthus, Priva, Raphanus, Scilla, Scorzonera, Selinum, Stachys, 

 Solanum (potato), Tragopogon, Tropaeolum, Ullucus, Xanthosoma, 

 &c. ; from reserves in the stems of many trees, esp. palms, Acer 

 (sugar), Alsophila, Arenga (sugar), Borassus (sugar, sago), Caryota 

 (sugar, sago), Cycas, Cocos (sugar), Encephalartos, Metroxylon (sago), 

 Oreodoxa, Saccharum (sugar), &c.; from reserves in I. and injl. in 



