FRUIT 279 



(snake's head) Brit. Large nectaries at base of P. The bud stands 

 erect and so does the caps., but the open fl. is pend. F. Imperialis L. 

 (Crown Imperial) and others cult. orn. fl. 



Fritillary, Fritillaria. 



Fritzschia Cham. Melastomaceae (i). 3 Brazil. 



Froelichia Moench. Amarantaceae (3). 10 warm Am. Fr. enclosed 

 in the P, which forms two wings 



Frog-bit, Hydrocharis ; -orcMs, Habenaria (Coeloglossutri) viridis R. Br. 



Frommia H. Wolff. Umbelliferae (in. 5). i Nyassaland. 



Frondous, frondose, leafy. 



Fropiera Bouton ex Hook. f. (Psiloxylon p.p. EP.}. Flacourtiaceae 

 (inc. sed.) (Myrtaceae BfJ.). i Mauritius. 



FroriepiaC. Koch (Canim p.p. BH.}. Umbelliferae (ill. 5). i W. As. 



Frost-weed (Am.), Helianthemnm. 



Fruit, the product of that process of growth initiated by the act of fert. ; 

 true fr. is the product of ovary only, false fr. or pseitdocarp of ovary 

 with any other organ that developes. Simple fr. where the fl. gives 

 one indivisible fr. ; aggregate where several similar fr. come from one 

 fl. , as in raspberry, buttercup, Ochna, Rubus, &c. ; multiple or col- 

 lective, where several fl. combine to give one fr., as in fig, mulberry, 

 plane. They may be dry or fleshy, may open (dehiscent), or not 

 (indehiscent) : some, called schizocarps, break up into one-seeded 

 portions (mericarps). 



Dry indeh. fr. are divided into achenes and nuts, the former 

 defined as the product of one, the latter of > one cpl. ; but in 

 practice the large are nuts, the small achenes. True achenes in 

 Ranunculus, Potentilla, &c.. but the name is also given to the fr. of 

 Compositae, Gramineae (this variety, with pericarp and testa united, 

 is sometimes called a caryopsis), Labiatae, &c. True nuts, from sup. 

 ov., in Betulaceae, but the term is applied to the large one-carpelled 

 fruit of Anacardium, &c. A var. of achene or nut is the winged one- 

 seeded indeh. samara of ash, elm, Banisteria, Liriodendron, Ptelea, 

 Seguieria, Ventilago, &c. 



Schizocarps various, e.g. the lomenlitm of many Leguminosae 

 (a pod constricted between seeds, breaking into one-seeded portions), 

 the schizocarps of Euphorbiaceae, Geraniaceae, Malpighiaceae, many 

 Malvaceae, Sapindaceie, Umbelliferae. 



Dry dehisc. fr. of several kinds, esp. the follicle, legume, and 

 capsule. Follicle of one cpl., dehisc. along ventral side only, Aco- 

 nitum, Asclepiadaceae, Apocynaceae, Crassulaceae. Legume similar 

 but dehisc. along both sides, as in most Leguminosae. Dry fr. 

 of > i cpl. are capsules, but special forms have special names, e.g. 

 the pod-liice siliqua of Cruciferae, the f>yxi* of Anagallis, &c. (capsule 

 opening by a lid split off by circnmscissile dehisc'-nce), and others. 

 The way in which it dehisces is of systematic importance. It usu. 

 splits from apex down. If the splits, as in Epilobium, Iris, &c. , run 

 down the midrib of each cpl., the dehisc. is loculicidal: if, as in 

 Hypericum, the fr. breaks into its component cpls. , leaving the 

 placental axis standing, it is septicidal; if the outer wail of the fr. 

 breaks away, leaving the septa standing, it is septifiagal. The portions 

 into which the fr. splits are termed valves. In some Campanulas, 



