280 FRUIT 



Papaver, &c., the dehiscence is porous, little openings forming in the 

 pericarp. 



The commonest fleshy fr. are the berry and drupe. The former 

 contains no hard part but the seeds ; these are surrounded by 

 fleshy tissue and there is a firmer skin (epicarp] on the outside. 

 Berries may be derived from sup. ovaries, as in Berbeiis, Solamim, 

 Vitis, &c. or inf., as in Ribes, Vaccinium, &c. In rare cases the 

 berry dehisces, Akebia, Myristica, or is constricted between the 

 seeds, Maerua, Unona. The drupe (e.g. cherry) has a skin (epicarp] 

 on the surface, then a fleshy mass of tissue (mesocarf) and a hard 

 shell or stone (emfacarp}, all forming part of the pericarp; within 

 the stone is the seed or kernel, usu. without a hard coat. Drupes 

 from sup. ovaries occur in Prunus, &c., from inf. in Cornaceae, 

 Juglans, &c. There may be one stone or pyrene (Prunus) or several 

 (Cornus). 



Other fleshy fr. are the pome of Pyrus, &c. in which the fleshy 

 receptacle encloses, and is united to, the core or product of the G 

 proper ; the pepo or gourd of Cucurbitaceae, e.g. cucumber (a variety 

 of the berry with hard epicarp). the peculiar pseudo-berry of Juni- 

 perus (q.v.) &c. , the fr. of strawberry (fleshy recept. bearing achenes), 

 rose (fleshy recept. enclosing achenes), Anacardium (fleshy recept. 

 bearing nut), Gaultheria (caps, enclosed in fleshy calyx), Urera, &c. 

 (achene in fleshy perianth), and so on. Aggregate fleshy fr. in Ano- 

 naceae (berries), Rubus (drupes), &c. Multiple fleshy fr. frequent in 

 Moraceae (e.g. mulberry, fig, bread-fruit), Ananas, Anona, Carlu- 

 dovica, &c. 



The style and stigma often fall away as the fr. ripens, but fre- 

 quently remain in a shrivelled or in an enlarged condition. Some- 

 times the style forms a hook, as in Gcum, a plume, as in Clematis, 

 or an awn, as in Geraniaceae (this name is applied to any long thread- 

 like organ on a fruit; cf. Gramineae). 



Other interesting morphological features in fruits: cf. Hetero- 

 carpy, Aesculus, Bertholletia, Chenopodium, Leontodon, Nymphaea- 

 ceae, Nyctaginaceae, Palmae (e.g. Phytelephas, Lodoicea, &c. ), 

 Pandanaceae, &c. 



Frutex, a shrub; frutescent, fruticose, shrubby. 



Fuchsia (Plum.) L. Onagraceae (2). 65 C. and S. Am., N.Z. Many 

 cult. orn. fl. Many show two buds in each axil, one above the other. 

 Fl. suited to bees, humming-birds, &c. Berry ed. 



Fuernrohria C. Koch. Umbelliferae (in. 3). i Armenia. 



Fuertesia LJrb. Loasaceae. i San Domingo. 



FuertesieUa Schlechter. Orchidaceae (n. 2). i San Domingo. 



Fugacious, falling early. 



Fugosia Juss. (Cienfnegosia EP.}. Malvaceae (4). 30 Am., Afr. , 

 Au^tr. 



Fuirena Rottb. Cyperaceae (i). 25 trop. and subtrop. 



Fuliginous, sooty. 



Fuller's teasel, Dipsactts fullonum L. 



Fulvous, tawny. 



Fumana Spach (Hdianthennnn p.p. ). Cistaceae. 8 Medit., Eur., W. As. 



Fumaria Tourn. ex L. Papaveraceae (in). 40 Eur., As., Afr., chiefly 



