GRAMINEAE 299 



the oil-cake left behind is largely used for feeding cattle, &c. The 

 fls. are visited by bees and (in Am.) by humming-birds. 



Gothofreda Vent. = Oxypetalum R. Br. (Asclep. ). 



Gouania Jacq. Rhamnaceae. 45 trop. and subtrop. Some have 

 watch-spring tendrils. The stalks of some sp. contain saponin. 



Goughia Wight = Daphniphyllum Blume (Euphorb. ). 



Goulardia Husnot (Agropyrum p.p.). Gramineae (12). 2 Europe. 



Gouldia A. Gray. Rubiaceae (i. 7). 5 Hawaiian Is. 



Goupia Aubl. Celastraceae. 2 Guiana. 



Gourd, Cucurbita; bitter-, Citrullus; bottle-, Lagenaria; snake-, 

 Trichosanthes. 



Gourliea Gillies ex Hook. Leguminosae (in. i). i temp. S. Am. 

 Pod ed. 



Goutweed, Aegopodium Podagraria L. 



Govenia Lindl. Orchidaceae (n. 10). 10 Brazil to W.I. 



Gowan, daisy. 



Goyazia Taub. Gesneriaceae. i Brazil. 



Grabowskia Schlechtd. Solanaceae (2). 6 S. Am. 



Gracilis (Lat), slender. 



Graderia Benth. Scrophulariaceae (in. 2). 3 Afr. 



Graeifea Seem. Tiliaceae. i Fiji. 



Graellsia Boiss. Cruciferae(2). i Persia. 



Graffenrieda DC. Melastomaceae (i). 18 trop. S. Am., W.I. 



Graft-hybrid, Cytisus. 



Grahamia Gill. Portulacaceae. i temp. S. Am. 



Graines d'Avignon, Rhamnus; grains of Paradise, Amomum. 



Gram, Cicer ; black and green, Phaseolns ; horse, Dolichos. 



Grama or gramma grass, Boutelotia. 



Gramerium Desv. (Panicum p.p. EP.). Gramineae (5). i Chili. 



Gramineae (EP., BH.}. Monocots. (Glumiflorae; Glumaceae BH.}. 

 One of the largest orders of fig. pi., with about 350 gen. and 4000 sp. 

 in all regions of the globe. In the temp, zones esp. they are a most 

 important feature in the veg., forming prairies, steppes, &c. Most 

 grasses are herbaceous with fibrous root, but a few, chiefly the 

 bamboos (g.v.), reach a large size, even as much as 100 ft. Many 

 are annual, but many perennial ; the latter commonly branch largely 

 from their lower nodes and thus often give rise to a tufted habit 

 (as seen in many common sp.) ; many possess rhiz. The stem has 

 well-marked nodes, composed chiefly of softer tissues. If a stem 

 be bent downwards (as occurs when wheat is Maid') these nodes 

 recommence growth, growing more rapidly upon the lower side, so 

 that the stem is once more brought to the vertical position. The 

 stem is usu. hollow (exc. Zea, Saccharum, &c.) and circular in section. 

 The 1. are alt., and with few exceptions, in 2-ranked phyllotaxy; 

 they have a sheathing base, the edges of the sheath overlapping one 

 another upon the side of the stem opp. to the blade (cf. Cyperaceae) ; 

 there is no petiole (exc. in a few bamboos, &c.), and at the junction 

 of blade and sheath there is a little membranous outgrowth, the 

 ligule, upon the upper side of the leaf. The blade is usu. linear. 

 Many xero. grasses have grooves along the upper side of the 1., with 

 the stomata at the bases of the grooves; in most of these cases the 



