508 PHYLLO- 



the phyllotaxy very clearly ; usually in the course of growth more or 

 less twisting occurs (cf. Pandanaceae). The benefit of the phyllotaxy 

 is that the leaves are spread out to occupy the available space to 

 advantage. 



Phyllotaxies of these types give shoots of radial symmetry ; there 

 are also bilateral arrangements, esp. upon horizontal shoots. Some- 

 times the dorsiventrality is attained by the twisting of the leaf-stalks 

 from the positions in which they arose, but more commonly there is 

 a more or less tsvo-ranked (distichous) phyllotaxy, the 1. arising upon 

 the sides of the axis, and merely having to twist at their bases to 

 place themselves horizontally ; e.g. in the yew (Taxus), lime (Tilia), 

 Abies, Anona, Betulaceae, Pinus, Ulmus, &c. 



In other plants, again, alterations of phyllotaxy occur for which 

 no explanation can be given ; e.g. in Baptisia, Eucalyptus, Nolana- 

 ceae, Quisqualis, Solanaceae, Thelygonum, &c. 



Phylloboea Benth. Gesneriaceae (i). 2 Further India, China. 



Phyllobotrium Muell.-Arg. Flacourtiaceae (10). i Gaboon. 



Phyllocactus Link. (EP. incl. Epiphylhim p.p.). Cactaceae (in. i). 

 i6trop. Am., W.I. , often epiphytic. Plat-stemmed plants (seefam. ). 



Phyllocalyx Berg. = Eugenia Mich. p.p. (Myrt.). 



Phyllocarpus Riedel ex Endl. Leguminosae (n. 8). Rio de Janeiro. 



Phyllochlamys Bur. in DC. Moraceae (i). i Indomal. 



Phyllocladus Rich. Coniferae (Taxaceae, 6; see C. for gen. char.). 

 6 Tasm., N.Z., Borneo (celery pine). The 'short shoots' are repre- 

 sented by flat green leaf-like structures phylloclades whose stem- 

 nature is easily recognized by their position in the axils of the scale 1. 

 on the 'long shoots.' The edges of the phylloclades also bear scales. 

 The fls. (mon- or di-oec.) occupy the position of phylloclades. Each 

 cpl. has one axillary erect ovule. The seed has a small basal aril. 

 The timber is useful : the bark of P. trichomanoides D. Don is used 

 for tanning. 



Phylloclinium Baill. Flacourtiaceae (10). i Congo. 



Phyllocomos Mast. Restionaceae. i S. Afr. 



Phyllocosmus K\otzsch(Oi://t/iocosmusP.). Linaceae. 5trop. Am., Afr. 



Phyllocrater Wernham. Rubiaceae (i. 2). i Borneo. 



Phylloctenium Baill. Bignoniaceae (4). i Madag. 



Phyllodes Lour. = Phrynium Loefl. (Marant). 



Phyllodium. Desv. = Desmodium Desv. (Legum.). 



Phyllodoce Salisb. (Bryanthus BH.}. Ericaceae (i. 3). 10 N. cir- 

 cumpolar and temp. 



Phylloglossum Kunze. Lycopodiaceae. i Austr. and N.Z., P. Dntni- 

 mondii Kunze. The embryo forms a protocorm (see fam.), which 

 produces a crown of sterile 1. and a short unbranchecl stem, bearing 

 at its apex a single cone of sporangia, like the cone of Lycopodium. 

 "At the end of the growing season a new protocorm is formed. 

 This arises directly from the apex of the old one where no strobilus 

 is developed, but in the latter case grows out upon a sort of peduncle 

 from near the base of one of the 1." (Campbell). Prothallus sub- 

 terranean. [Cf. Wernham in Ann. Bot. 1910, p. 335.] 



Phyllogonum Coville. Hydnoraceae. i California. 



Phyllomelia Griseb. Rubiaceae (ll. 4). i Cuba. 



