POLY A DO A 527 



Polemonium (Tourn.) L. Polemoniaceae. 20 N. temp., Chili. P. 

 caentlenm L. (Jacob's ladder) in Brit. 



Polianthes L. Amaryllidaceae (n). 3 C. Am. P. tuberosa L. 

 (tuberose) cult, for scented fls. 



Poliomintha A. Gray (Hedeoma p.p. EP.). Labiatae (vi). 5 S.W. 

 N. Am. 



Poliothyrsis Oliv. Flacourtiaceae (4). i China. 



Polish wheat, Triticitm polonicum L. 



Politus (Lat.), polished. 



Polium Tourn. ex L. = Teucrium Tourn. p.p. (Labial.). 



Pollards, Salix, &c. 



Pollen, the microspores of fl. pi.; - as food for insects, cf. Po ; - cup, 

 Goodemaceae - dimorphism, Faramea ; - sac, cf. Cucurbitaceae. 



Pollia Thunb. Commelinaceae. 16 palaeotrop. 



Pollichia (Solancl. in) Ait. Caryophyll. (i. 4). 2 trop. and S. Afr. 



Pollination, the placing of pollen upon the stigma or ovule, may be 

 effected by wind, animals, or water, and may be cross or self-fert. 

 Wind-pollinated fls. (class W) show abundance of pollen, ripening 

 simultaneously, dry and incoherent, freely accessible to the wind 

 (catkins, pend. sta., explosive anthers, &c.); large much-branched 

 stigmas to catch it; often flowering before the 1. appear, &c.; Artemisia, 

 Betulaceae, Calluna, Carex, Casiiarina, Coni/erae, Corylus, Cycada- 

 ceae, Cyperaceae, Elaeagnaceae, Empetrum, Fiaxinns, Gra/nineae, 

 Humuhts, Juglandaceae, Jttncaceat', Littorella, Mercurialis, Rlyro- 

 tharnnaceae, Platanns, Potamogeton, Quercus, Rumtx, Spargdnium, 

 Spinacia. Thalictnun, Triglochiii, Typkaceae, Ulmaceae, Urticaceae, 

 Zea. Pollination by animals is usu. by insects; the most important 

 are Coleoptera (beetles), very short tongued, Diptera (flies), mostly 

 short tongued, but the Syrphidae or hover-flies long tongued and clever 

 at finding concealed honey, Hymenoptera (ants, wasps, bees, &c.) all 

 short tongued but the bees, and Lepidoptera (butterflies and moths) 

 all long tongued. Other animals are very rarely employed; bats in 

 Freycinetia Cf. Flower classes, Floral Mechanisms. Pollination 

 by water in Ceratophylliitn, Enhalus, Najas, Riippia, Vallisneria, 

 Zanmchellia, Zostera, &c. ; legitimate and illegitimate, Ly thrum, 

 Primula. 



Pollinia Trin. Gramineae (2). 40 warm |^. 



Pollinium, a number of pollen-grains united into a mass (a definite 

 number of masses per anther), Asdepiad., Orchid. 



Polpoda C. Presl. 1'hytolaccaceae (Aizoaceae J3H.). i S. Afr. 



Poly- (Gr. pref.), many-; -adelphous, -androus, &c.; -carpic, fruiting 

 many times ; -embryony, formation of > i embryo in an ovule ; -gamy, 

 $ , <? , and ? fls. in various combinations on one or more pi. Ana- 

 cardium, Enonymus, Fraxinus, Rhus\ -morphism (cf. Dimorphism), 

 Catasetnm, Compositae, Cycnoches, Griffithella, Liriodendron; -phyly, 

 origin from several stocks; -pody, Poly podium. 



Polyachyrus Lag. Compositae (12). 12 Peru, Chili. 



Polyactidium DC. = Erigeron L. p.p. (Comp.). 



Polyactium Eckl. et Zeyh. = Pelargonium L'Herit. p.p. (Geran.). 



Polyadenia Nees (Lindera p.p. BH.}. -Lauraceae (n). 3 S.E. U.S. 



Polyadoa Stapf (Carpodinus p.p.). Apocynaceae (i. 3). 2 W. Afr. 



