RHAPHISPERMUM 563 



mericarps, or a drupe with i or several stones, or a nut. Endosp. 

 little or none. Many of the dry fr. show special adaptations for wind- 

 carriage, e.g. Paliurus, Ventilago. Closely related to Vitaceae, from 

 which it is chiefly distinguished by the small petals, the recept., the 

 endocarp and simple 1. ; it also approaches Celastraceae, the chief 

 distinction being the antepetalous sta. Few are of economic value; 

 see Zizyphus,' Rhamnus, Hovenia. Chief genera: Ventilago, Paliurus, 

 Zizyphus, Rhamnus, Hovenia, Ceanothus, Phylica, Colletia, Gouania. 



Rhamnales. The 25th order of Archichlamydeae. 



Rhamneae (//.) = Rhamnaceae. 



Rhamnella Miq. (Microrhaninus BH.}. Rhamnaceae. i Japan, China. 



Rhamnidium Reissek. Rhamnaceae. 5 trop. S. Am., W.I. 



Rliamnoneuron Gilg. Thymelaeaceae. i Tonquin. 



Rhamnus Tourn. ex L. Rhamnaceae. 75 cosmop. , 2 in Brit., R. 

 cathartica L. (common or purging buckthorn) and R. Fraugula L. 

 (alder buckthorn). Shrubs with alt. or opp. 1. and small cymose 

 clusters of fls. Two sections. To i, Eiirhamnus (fls. usu. 4-merous, 

 polyg. or dioec.), belong R. A latent us L. (Medit.) and A', cathartica 

 (Eur., As., Medit.), whose berries are purgative; the juice of the fr. 

 is mixed with alum and evaporated, thus forming the paint known 

 as sap-green; also R. infectoria L. (Mts. of S. Eur.) whose berries 

 (graines d'Avignon or 'yellow berries') yield useful green and yellow 

 dye-stuffs, and R. chlorophora Decne. from whose bark the Chinese 

 prepare the dye known as 'Chinese green indigo' used in dyeing silk 

 {R. utilis Decne. is also employed). To 2, Fraugula (fls. .usu. 

 5-merous, $), belong R. Fraugula (Eur., As., N. Afr.) whose bark is 

 officinal (cathartic) and whose wood forms one of the best charcoals, 

 R. Purshiana DC. in N. Am., whose bark (Cascara sagrada) is largely 

 used as a cathartic, &c. 



Rhamphicarpa Benth. Scrophulariaceae (in. 2). 8 palaeotrop. 



Rhamphldia Lindl. = Hetaeria Blume (Orchid.). 



Rhamphogyne Sp. Moore (Abrotanellap.^.). Compos. (3). i Rodrigues. 



Rhanterium Desf. Compositae (4). 3 N.W. Afr. to Beluchistan. 



Rhapbanistrocarpus Pax. Cucurbitaceae (3). i Mombasa. 



Rhaphanocarpus Hook. f. Cucurbitaceae (3). 2 trop. E. Afr. 



Rhaphanus L. (Raplianus). Cruciferae (2). 10 Medit., Eur., Java. 



Rhaphidanthe Hiern. Ebenaceae. i trop. W. Afr. 



RhapMdiocystis Hook. f. Cucurbitaceae (3). 3 trop. Afr., Madag. 



Rhaphldophora Hassk. Araceae (n). 60 Indomal. Sympodial 

 climbing stems with clasping roots and pend. aerial roots. The pin- 

 nation of the 1. arises like that in Monstera, i.e. by long holes arising 

 between the ribs, and the margin finally breaking. Fls. 5 



Rhaphidorhynchus Finet (Angraecum p.p.). Orchidaceae (n. 20). 22 

 trop. Afr., Madag., Masc. 



Rhaphidospora Nees (Jitsticia p.p. Bff.). Acanth. (iv. B). 6 palaeo- 

 trop. 



Rhaphiolepis Lincll. Rosaceae (n). 4 subtrop. E. As. 



Rhaphlophallus Schott (Amorphophallns^.p.). Araceae (iv). i S. Ind. 



Rhaphiostylis Planch. (Apodytes BH.). Icacinaceae. 7 trop. W. Afr. 



RhapMs Lour. = Chrysopogon Trin. = Andropogon L. p.p. 



RhapMspermum Benth. Scrophulariaceae (in. 2). i Madag. 



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