STA NHOPEA STR UM 



621 



may be extrorse or introrse (opening away from or towards, centre 

 of fl.). Its dehiscence may also be longitudinal (A), or transverse, 

 valvular (by lids, Berberidaceae, Lauraceae), or by pores (Ericaceae, 

 Gentianaceae), &c., D. The thecae may be twisted as in Cochliostema, 

 Columelliaceae, Cucurbitaceae. The pollen sacs may be numerous, 

 as in Viscum, &c., septate or chambered (Mimoseae, some Onagraceae, 



A, stamen with adnate anther from the front; B, the same from the back. 

 C, stamen with versatile anther. D, tip of an anther with porous dehiscence. 

 , cross section of a ripe adnate anther to show pollen-sacs ; the two sacs in the 

 right-hand lobe have just opened, a, anther, c, connective, d, line of dehiscence, 

 f, filament, /, anther-lobe, /, pore, p.s. pollen-sac, v.b. vascular bundle. 



&c. ). There may be appendages on the filaments (Amaryllidaceae, 

 Hydrophyllaceae, Zygophyllum), or on the anthers (Ericaceae, Me- 

 lastomaceae). The pollen may be smooth, or -warty, powdery or coherent, 

 waxy, &c. ; it may be united into groups of 4 grains (tetrads, Erica- 

 ceae, &c.), or masses (pollinia, Asclepiadaceae, Orchidaceae). 



Staminate fl., male. 



Staminode, an aborted or vestigial stamen, Acanthaceae, Araceae, 

 Canna, Orchidaceae, Pentstemon, Scroplmlaria ; it may be small and 

 papilla-like or petaloid (Canna, iMarantaceae), or form a nectary, 

 ( Loasaceae) . 



Standard, Legnminosae. 



Stanfieldia Small (Aplopappits p.p.). 



Stanfordia S. Wats. Cruciferae (4). 



Compositae (3). 

 i California. 



i N. Am. 



Stangea Graebn. Valerianaceae. 5 Peru. 



Stangeria T. Moore. Cycadaceae. i Natal, S. paradoxa T. Moore. 

 See fain, for details. 



Stanhopea Frost. Orchidaceae (ir. 13). 25 trop. Am. Epiph. with 

 large pendulous fls. Labellum very complex (cf. Coryanthes), form- 

 ing with the column a sort of cage. Cult. orn. fl. 



Stanhopeastrum Reichb. f. (Stanhopea p.p. Bff.). Orchidaceae (ir. 13). 

 i Guatemala. 



