TURPENTINE 665 



Tulbaghia Heist. = Agapanthus L'Herit. (Lili.). 



Tulbaghia L. Liliaceae (iv). 12 trop. and S. Afr. 



Tulip, Tnlipa ; Cape-, Haemanthus; -tree, Liriodendron, (Ceylon) 

 Thespesia, (W.I.) J'arititim. 



Tulipa L. Liliaceae (v). 50 N. temp, \% (tulip), esp. on the steppes 

 of C. As. The seeds are flat, and the capsule, even when the fi. is 

 pend., stands erect (censer-mechanism). Many cult. orn. fl. 



Tulipastrum Spach (Magnolia p.p.). Magnoliaceae. 2 N. Am. 



Tumamoca Rose. Cucurbitaceae (2). i Arizona. 



Tumboa Welw. = Welwitschia Hook. f. (Gnet.). 



Tumescent, somewhat tumid ; tumid, swollen. 



Tumionella Greene (Aplopapptis p.p.). Compositae (3). i S.W. U.S. 



Tunaria O. Ktze. Solanaceae (4). i Bolivia. 



Tundras, frigid deserts, char, by scanty covering of the ground, and 

 xero. char, of veg. Mosses and lichens predominate. 



Tunica Hall. Caryophyllaceae (n. 2). 20 Medit. 



Tunicated bulb, with 1. completely enwrapping, as in onion. 



Tupa G. Don = Lobelia Plum. p.p. (Campan.). 



Tupeia Blume = Henslo\via Blume (Santal.). 



Tupeia Cham, et Schlecht. Loranthaceae (i). r New Zealand. 



Tupelo, Nyssa. 



Tupidanthus Hook. f. et Thorns Araliaceae (i). i Khasias to Burma. 



Tupistra Ker-Gawl. Liliaceae (vn). 5 E. Indomal, China. Cult, 

 orn. 



Turbinate, cone-shaped. 



Turetta Veil. Inc. sed. i Brazil. 



Turf, an association in which Gramineae dominate. 



Turgenia Hoffm. = Caucalis L. p.p. (Umbell.). 



Turgeniopsis Boiss. (Caucalis p.p. BH.}. Umbell. (in. 2). i W. As. 



Turgidity, tension from content of water. 



Turion, a scaly sucker or shoot from the ground. 



Turkey-berry (W.I. ), Solatia /n; -oak, Quercits Cerris L. ; -red, Pega- 

 nutn Hannala L. 



Turmeric, Curcuma longa L. 



Turnera Plum, ex L. Turneraceae. 70 trop. and subtrop. Am. 



Turneraceae (EP., BH.}. Dicots. (Archichl. Parietales ; Passiflorales 

 BH.). 6 gen., 105 sp., chiefly trop. Am. and Afr. Trees, shrubs 

 and herbs, with alt. usu. exstip. L, whose teeth are sometimes glan- 

 dular. Fls. usu. sol. in the leaf-axils, , reg. , perig. K 5, imbr., 

 usu. with a hemispherical swelling on inner side; C 5; AS; G (3), 

 j-loc. with parietal plac.; styles 3; ov. 3 oo , anatr. Fr. a caps., 

 loculic. Seed with funicular aril, and copious endosp. Nearly all 

 have dimorphic heterostyled fls. (cf. Primula). Many have extrafloral 

 nectaries. Self-fert. occurs in absence of insect visits, by the C 

 withering and pressing anthers and stigmas together. Chief genus: 

 Turnera. 



Turnip, Brassica campestris L. ; Indian -, Arisaema ; prairie -, 

 Psoralea. 



Turnsole, ChrozopJiora tinctoria A. Juss. 



Turpentine, the balsams or fluid resins of the Coniferac, Burseraceae, 

 &c. ; when distilled oil of turpentine passes over, and resin is left, 



