THE BRYOPHYTA OF ICELAND 457 



of the country, especially E. Iceland, where it occurs but scantily in 

 many districts. 



It grows in sandy soil, upon soil-covered rocks and at the base of 

 vertical rock-faces, and is most frequent in the low land. Near Akur- 

 eyri it was found with ripe fruit (20. 7. 190!) . Near Grunnavik in 

 Jokulsfjordur it was found in fruit at an altitude of 270 metres. In 

 Esja it has been collected up to about 420 metres above sea-level. Near 

 Vallanes the fruit was ripe about July 1st. At the coast, near Reykja- 

 vik, it grew abundantly in large tufts which were quite filled with sand. 



73. Tortula aciphylla (Br. eur.) Hartm. 

 T.norvegicci ;\Veb.) Wahlb. 



X\V. Iceland: D \rafjordur!, at an altitude of 150 metres. 



It grew there in cushions, about 2 cm. deep, on humus-covered 

 rocks. The capsules were quite green on June 17th. 



The leaf-form, nerve and leaf-hair in these specimens were quite 

 typical, but the cells of the leaf-base were occasionally chlorophyllose 

 towards the margin, forming a more or less distinct border, in which 

 feature it approached Tortula rnralis. 



FAM. GRIMMIAGE^E. 

 74. Schistidium maritimum (Turn.) Br. eur. 



E. Iceland: Hornafjordur!; Hof!; Hamarfjordur !; Djupivogur!. X. Ice- 

 land: Husavik!; Grimsey (O. D.)!. XW. Iceland: Common everywhere 

 along the coasts!. W. Iceland: Stykkisholmur; Hafnarfjordur!; Reykjavik 

 (Grl.;!); by Hvalfjordur (GrlO !. S. Iceland: Vestmannaey !. 



This plant doubtless occurs everywhere along rocky shores. It is, 

 however, absent from, or only occurs scantily in. the interior of deep, 

 narrow fjords. Thus, around Berufjordur it is very common towards 

 the entrance of the fjord, near Djupivogur, while it is entirely absent 

 from the head of the fjord. 



As a rule it grows only on rocks quite close to the sea , and up 

 to a height of some 10 metres. More rarely, for instance near Djupi- 

 vogur and on Vestmannaey, it descends to the sandy ground at the 

 foot of cliffs. 



Fruit is almost always present abundantly. 



75. Schistidium apocarpum Br. eur. 



Grimmia upocarpa Hedw. 

 Subsp. vulgare (Chal.) Loeske. 



Common over the whole of Iceland. 



It grows, as a rule, on rather dry rocks, occasionally also in gra- 

 velly soil, but then rarely in any great abundance. It is most frequent 



The Botany of Iceland. Vol. I, part II. 30 



