CH. II. HIPPOCRATES ARISTOTLE. 15 



They thought that every illness was a punishment sent be- 

 cause one of their gods was angry, so when they were ill 

 they sent a present to the temple of ./Esculapius, the god of 

 medicine, and then went to the priests of ^Esculapius to 

 cure them. The ancestors of Hippocrates were all priests of 

 ^Esculapius, but he separated himself from the priesthood 

 and devoted his time to studying the human body, and find- 

 ing out the causes of disease. He studied the effect that 

 heat and cold have upon us, and taught physicians to pay 

 attention to the kind of food given to sick people, and espe- 

 cially to watch carefully in sickness for the critical point 

 when the fever is at its height. He wrote many learned 

 works on the human body, and you should remember his 

 name as the Founder of the science of Medicine. 



Eudoxus, 406 Democritus, 459. The next great astro- 

 nomer after Anaxagoras was called Eudoxus. He was born 

 about 406 B.C., at Cnidos, in Asia Minor, where he had an 

 observatory, from which he could watch the heavens, and 

 by this means he made a map of all the stars then known. 

 He was the first Greek astronomer who explained how the 

 planets Jupiter, &c., moved round in the heavens, and the 

 time at which they would appear again exactly in the same 

 place as before. The great philosopher Democritus, of 

 Abdera (459 B.C.), who lived about the same time as 

 Eudoxus, made the remarkable guess that the beautiful 

 bright band called the 'Milky Way,' which stretches every 

 evening right across the sky, is composed of millions of 

 stars scattered like dust over the heavens. 



Aristotle, 384, one of the most famous philosophers of 

 Greece, was also a great student of nature. He was born at 

 Stagira, in Thrace, 384 B.C., but studied at Athens under 

 Plato, and afterwards became the tutor of Alexander the 



