45S 



INDEX 



FRESNEL 



Fresnel, history of, 311 : on polarisation 

 of light, 311; on circular polarisation, 



3M 

 Freyberg, Werner's lectures at, 217 



Friction, ice melted and water boiled by, 



333 



Friendship of Ray and Wilhighby, 143 

 Frog's leg, electricity in, 259-61 



GALEN, physiology of, 34 ; corrected 

 by Vesalius, 67 



Galileo on the pendulum, 79 ; on falling 

 bodies, So ; on motion of heavy bodies, 82 ; 

 on secondary light of the moon, 89; on 

 Jupiter's moons, 91 ; on phases of Venus, 

 91 ; on sun-spots and rotation of sun on 

 its axis, 91 ; demonstrates the truth of 

 Copemican theory, 91, 102 ; his telescope, 

 89 ; bis recantation, 93 ; his blindness 

 and death, 94 ; on rising of water in a 

 pump, no ; makes a water thermometer, 

 1 20 ; compared with Tycho and Kep- 

 ler, 1 02 



Galle finds Neptune, 294 

 Galvani on animal electricity, 259 ; his 

 controversy with Volta, 260; his death, 

 261 



Galvanism, 260 



Galvanometer invented by Ampere, 351 

 Ganges, mud carried down by the, 407 

 ' Gas,' term used by Van Helmont, 73 ; 



Nebulse composed of, 275 

 Gases, Boyle's law of, 128 ; Bacon on, 52 ; 

 Mayow on, 132 ; discovery of the four 

 important, 225 ; spectra of, 322 ; atmo- 

 sphere of, round the sun, 325 

 Gassendi observes transit of Mercury, 157 

 Gauss rediscovers Ceres, 290 

 Gay-Lussac on multiple volumes, 377 

 Geber the founder of chemistry, 43-45 

 Geist, word ' gas ' derived from, 73 

 Geography, Ptolemy's work on, 33 ; Strabo 



on, 33 



Geology, definition of, a ; qf Pythagoras, 

 11, 215 ; neglected in dark ages, 214 ; 

 Lazzaro Moro on, 216 ; Werner on, 217 ; 

 Huiton on, 219 ; W. Smith on, 223 ; Sir 

 C. Lyell on, 405 ; of eighteenth cer.tury, 

 281 ; prejudices retarding, 404 

 George II. founds Gottingen University, 



196 

 Geranium, Linna;us's definition of the, 



209 



Gerbert introduces Arabic numerals into 

 Europe, 46 



GUTENBERG 



Germ, growth of the, 141 

 Germany, Imperial Academy in, 126 

 Gesner, his life and character, 69-70 ; his 

 cabinet and garden, 69 ; his history oi 

 animals, 69; his botanical classification, 

 70 



Gilbert, first experiments on electricity, 77, 



123 



Gioja discovers mariner's compass, 53 

 Glacial period, 414 

 Glacier, term explained, 411 ; illustration 



of a, 412; of Switzerland, 413 ; carrying 



blocks to the Jura, 413 

 Gladstone, Dr., his life of Faraday, 349 

 Glass, angle of polarisation of light from, 



310 ; index of refraction fov .-$ ; different 



dispersive powers of, 169 

 Graham on variations of ma^-iivic needle, 



355 



Granite, Hutton on formation of, 221 ; vein? 

 in Glen Tilt, 222 



Gravitation, law of, explained, 148-155 ; 

 discovered by Newton, 148 ; its action on 

 the planets, 151 ; attraction acts from 

 the centre of bodies, 150 ; decreases with 

 the square of the distance, 152 ; problems 

 explained by, 155 ; holding distant stars 

 together, 274 



Gravity, action of, explained, 151 



Glen Tilt, granite veins in, 222 



Gnomon at Alexandria, 28 



Gold separated from amalgam by Paracel- 

 sus, 72 



Goethe on metamorphosis of plants, 381 ; 

 on discussion between Cuvier and St.- 

 Hilaire, 395 



Gottingen University founded, 196 



Gough the patron of Dalton, 371 



Graecus, Marcus, discovers gunpowder, 42 



Gratz. Kepler professor at, 95 



Greece, Roman conquest of, 35 



Greek colonies in Ionia, 8 



Greeks deficient in natural knowledge, 8 ; 

 believed the sun moved round the earth, 

 19 ; knew electric nature of amber, 77 ; 

 general remarks on science of the, 34 



Grew on vegetable anatomy, 141 ; on 

 stomates, 141 ; on cellular tissue, 140 



Grove cited, 434 



Guericke's air-pump, 121 ; Magdeburg 

 hemispheres, 1*2 ; first electrical ma- 

 chine, 123 ; his experiments on electricity, 



124 



Gunpowder known to the Arabs, 42 



Gutenberg, John, the printer, 55 



