INDEX. 



465 



SMITH 



Smith, Sir E., brings Linnsean collection 



to England, 213 



Smith, William, surveys England, 223 

 Snails, regrowth of parts in, 201 

 Snellius discovers law of refraction, 106 

 Soap-bubble, Newton on the, 169 ; cause 



of colours on the, 307 

 Soda, composition of, 376 

 Sodium discovered by Davy, 365 ; power 



of to decompose water, 375 ; spectrum 



of, 322 ; KirchhofTs experiments with 



vapour of, 325 



Soho, manufactory of engines at, 251 

 Soil, substances taken from by plants, 



-, 193 



Solar, spectrum, dark lines in, 318 ; and 



star- spectrum compared, 321 ; system, 



motion of through space, 275 

 Solstices observed by Thales, 9 

 Sound, Newton on, 175 ; light compared 



to, 176, 178 

 Spallanzani on regrowth of severed limbs, 



201 



Specific gravity first measured by Archi- 

 medes, 23 



Specific names given by Linnasas, 208 

 Spectra, table of, 320 



Spectrum studied by Newton, 165 ; dark 

 lines on the, 318, 320 ; their cause ex- 

 plained, 323 ; of different substances, 

 321 ; of gases, 322 ; of solids, 322 

 Spectrum analysis, history of, 315-28 : 

 metals discovered by, 323 ; of sunlight, 

 323 ; of stars, 326 ; of nebulae, 327 ; of 

 meteors, 328 ; use of in chemistry, 370 

 Spencer, Herbert, on evolution, 435 

 Spirit, Arabian name for gas, 42 

 Spirits of wine made by Geber, 44 

 Spots on the sun, periodicity of, 354 

 Stahl's work in chemistry, 135 ; on phlo- 

 giston, 135 



I tar, morning and evening, n ; -clusters 

 and nebulae. Herschel on, 274 ; -gauging 

 by Sir W. Herschel, 273 

 Stars, binary, 273 ; spectrum analysis of 



the, 326 



Statics, Stevinus on, 82 

 Steam, condensation of, 249 ; latent heat 



of, 243 

 Steam-engine, history of the, 245; New- 



comen's, 246 ; Watt's, 249 

 Steinheil on electric telegraph, 357 ; on 



earth acting as return wire, 358 

 Steno on fossils in the earth's crust, 215 

 Stereoscope, Sir J. Herschel on the, 320 

 Stevinus on statics, 82 



THERMOMETER 



Stokes, Professor, on dark lines in solar 



spectrum, 323 



Stomachs of animals, peculiarities of, 199 

 Stone tools of lake-dwellings, 417 

 Strabo on earthquakes and volcanoes, 33 

 Strata of England mapped by W. Smith, 223 

 Striae caused by glaciers, 413 

 Strove on Neptune's moons, 295 

 Sublimation described by Geber, 44 

 Suction-tube, section of a, 117 

 Sulphuric acid made by Geber, 45 

 Summary of science of sixteenth century, 

 82 ; of seventeenth century, 182 ; of 

 eighteenth century, 280 

 Sun, experiment to explain the movement 

 of the earth round the, 19 ; seen after 

 setting by means of refraction, 48 ; ro- 

 tation on its axis proved by Galileo, 92 ; 

 his distance 108 times his diameter, 159 ; 

 method of measuring the diameter, 159- 

 161 ; distance from the earth, 162 ; holds 

 the planets round it by gravitation, 152 : 

 meteors falling into, 300 ; atmosphere of 

 vapours surrounding the, 325 ; spectrum 

 of the light of, 318 



Sun-dial invented by Anaximander, 10 

 Sun-spots seen by Galileo and Harriot, 92 ; 

 Sir W. Herschel on cause of, 353 ; 

 Schwabe on periodicity of, 354 ; their 

 connection with magnetic currents, 355 

 Switzerland, glaciers of, 412 ; lake-dwel- 

 lings of, 416 

 Syene, earth's circum'erence measured 



from, 29 



Syntaxis of Ptolemy. 32 

 Synthesis, term explained, 371 

 ' System of the World,' by Galileo, 93 

 ' Systema Naturae ' published, 211 



"*ALBOT, Fox, on sun-pictures, 317 ; on 

 * spectra of flames, 323 

 Telegraph (fee electric telegraph) 

 Telescope, Roger Bacon's idea of, 52 : in- 

 vention of the, 87 ; Galileo's, 89 ; Kepler's, 

 97 ; achromatic, 169 

 Tessier, Abbe, meets Cuvicr, 390 

 Tests, Bergmann on chemical, 229 

 Thales, science of, 8 

 Thallium discovered, 323 

 Theophrastus the first botanist, 17 

 Theories about living beings, 381 

 Theory of the ' Earth ' published, 219 

 Thermo-electricity, discovery of, 352 

 Thermometer, invention of the, lac 



