324 



THORODDSEN 



Menyanthes trifoliata, Equisetnm limosum, Heleocharis palustris, etc. 

 Upon the knolls, which are dry, many other plants occur, often Be- 

 tula nana, Vaccinium uliginosum , Salix glaiica, etc. The ground- 

 vegetation consists of several species of mosses, Amblystegium, Sphag- 

 num, Hylocominm, and others. On the mountains Eriophorum-bogs 

 are very frequent and Carex-hogs of rarer occurrence, but in the 

 lowlands the reverse is the case. Moss bogs with different aquatic 



Fig. 28. Geitabergsvatn. Flooded meadow with Erioplutrnm and Care.v. 



(Phot. A. Hesselbo.) 



vegetation, as at the above-mentioned springs, often occur in these 

 swampy tracts, and pools with Equisetum limosum, Hippuris uul- 

 garis, Menyanthes and Sparganium. The Icelandic u myrar" are richer 

 in species and have a denser vegetation than the "floar." The 

 dominant plants are Carex cryptocarpa and C. Goodenoughii, but in 

 addition many other species of Carex occur, vir. C. rariflora, C. 

 canescens, C. microglochin and others, moreover, Eriophorum Scheuch- 

 zeri, Equisetnm palustre, Comarum palnstre, which are characteristic 

 of wet meadows, Caltha palustris, Parnassia palnstris, Cardamine 

 pratensis, etc. Almost everywhere the above-mentioned genera and 

 man} 7 others are associated with a moss-bottom. Sometimes some 

 Graminece, Polygonnm viviparum, Euphrasia offtcinalis, etc. occur 

 upon the knolls, and in south-west Iceland, here and there on moss- 

 covered knolls, Drosera rotundifolia. From the outer edge of the 



