PHYSICAL GEORRAPHV 343 



Sometimes the trees grow in grassland, and sometimes on "herb- 

 flats;" occasionally the wood-floor consists of mosses. In grassland 

 the commonest species are Agrostis viilgaris, Air a flexuosa and An- 

 thoxanthum odoratnm and other more scattered Gramineae. Where 

 the herb-flat formation is dominant many different species occur, 

 especially Spiraea ulmaria, Angelica siluestris, Rubus saxatilis, Leon- 

 todon autamnalis , Geranium silvaticnm, Bartschia alpina, Myosotis 

 arvensis, Alchimilla vnlgaris, Fragaria vesca, and others. Trientalis 

 enropcea grows here and there in woods in East Iceland only. Where 

 mosses are dominant on the wood-floor the vegetation consists chiefly 

 of Hylocomium (H. Jonsson, 1900, p. 76). On the whole, in coppices, 

 scattered individuals of the numerous species from the different form- 

 ations in the neighbourhood may be found. 



