1 62 THE TEACHING BOTANIST 



Answer as before by drawings and notes, the 

 former natural size. 



2. Study fully in the same way the Horse Bean. 



3. In a concise paragraph describe the resemblances 



and the differences of the Lima and the 

 Horse Beans. 



Materials. - - White Lima Beans (Phaseolus lunatus) and 

 Horse Beans (Vicia fab a equina), about six to a student, may 

 be bought in all large seed stores ; half should be soaked over 

 night. Windsor Beans may be used in place of the Horse 

 Beans, and other kinds will do ; but those selected should be 

 large, and such that in one the cotyledons come above ground 

 in germination, and in the other they remain below. 



Pedagogics. - -This outline can be completed by the average 

 student in two two-hour periods, but three are much better ; if 

 necessary, Exercise 3 can be completed at home from their 

 drawings and notes, but it is better worked out with the seeds 

 in hand. No tools except a pocket knife are needed, not even 

 a lens. In a large laboratory division general guidance to the 

 whole class, as well as individual help, not too much of either 

 at first, should be given, as recommended in Chapter III. The 

 exercises in this outline are principally to teach beginners : - 



(I) To see a natural object as it is, correctly and com- 

 pletely. 



(II) Through comparison to eliminate accidental and indi- 

 vidual features, and thus to distinguish essential from unessen- 

 tial characters. 



(III) To represent clearly to another what is seen, for this 

 purpose using words or drawings according as the one or the 

 other is the more expressive. 



(IV) A knowledge of the anatomy of some typical seeds. 



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