72 THE TEACHING BOTANIST 



label the drawings with the names directly, as shown 

 in Figs. 12, 13, 14, where the whole subject is visible 

 at one glance. For this labelling a compact vertical 

 writing, or even printing, is desirable, and should 

 be cultivated when wanting, and a compact writing 

 is pleasing, too, for the notes. When one set of words 

 can be applied to two or more drawings, as in Figs. 

 12, 13, 14, it is an advantage, but of course is not 

 essential. Where drawings do not fully explain them- 

 selves, they should also be labelled beneath by de- 

 scriptive words, such as " face view," " transverse 

 section," etc. Different drawings of the same object, 

 unless their connection is perfectly obvious, should 

 be kept in correlation with one another by proper 

 cross-references. Of course neatness and artistic 

 effect are desirable qualities in all work, and some 

 attention may be given to placing the drawings well 

 on the page, away from the margin, with the long 

 axis upright, and to leaving plenty of room between 

 different ones of the same object, and between differ- 

 ent topics, etc. 



In all of these respects, i.e. completeness and clear- 

 ness of outline, economy in number, scale, labelling, 

 neatness, it is pedagogically a very good principle to 

 let the students at first do the best they can unaided. 

 After they have done their very best, they are in a posi- 

 tion to fully understand and profit by the teacher's hints 

 as to how they may do still better. Instruction on 



