ANATOMY AND MORPHOLOGY OF THE FLOWER 235 



Materials. For pollen and ovules, those of Scilla or Hya- 

 cinth are good. For the structure of the flower, if this work 

 comes in summer, Trillium or Buttercup are both very good. 

 If in winter, Scilla siberica, squill, is the simplest and most 

 typical plant available ; it is extremely easy to raise in shallow 

 boxes ; the bulbs, each supplying several flowers, are cheap, 

 and any skilful gardener can have them ready on a given date. 

 Tulips are good, but expensive. Next best is Hyacinth, the 

 single white Roman kind, but this is much less simple and 

 typical. These are grown for sale in most greenhouses, and 

 flower so abundantly they are not expensive. But of course 

 others will answer, though kinds with superior ovary must be 

 selected. In summer many simple forms may be collected 

 and preserved in formaline, or even dried and pressed, but in 

 the latter case they must be soaked out in warm water, and 

 are far inferior to fresh flowers. It would be a mistake to 

 give a pressed flower to a pupil to begin with. 



Pedagogics. A study in observation, recording, and knowl- 

 edge of the flower. The introduction to the flower through 

 the study of pollen and ovule is extremely important as helping 

 to impress upon students what is really essential to it. An 

 account of fertilization and its meaning should here be given. 

 Under Exercise 53 the study is purely in anatomy. At this 

 stage of their work they should be able without special help 

 to work out fully and correctly the structure of such a flower 

 as the Scilla, and to represent it well. They should not miss 

 such points as that three of the perianth parts are outside of 

 the other three, that there are three cells to the ovary, that 

 the ovules are on a central placenta, and that the anthers 

 contain pollen. But too much detail, such as kinds of ovules, 

 dehiscence of anthers, etc., must not be expected at this 

 stage, else time is lost and proportion is destroyed ; the 



