THE BRYOPHYTES 259 



IV. The Bryophytes 



84. What is the structure and ecology of a typical 



Hepatic (Marchantia) ? 

 Answer as for the preceding groups. 



85. What is the structure and ecology of the true 



Moss ? 

 Answer as for the earlier groups. 



86. What is the range of habitat, of color, size, 



shape, texture, in Bryophytes? 



87. Prepare a synoptical essay of two hundred words, 



upon the Natural History of the Bryophytes. 



Materials. Marchantia polymorpha is the most available 

 Hepatic, and may be collected in summer with the arche- 

 gonia and antheridia ripe, and placed in formaline, or may 

 be bought from the botanical supply companies. For a 

 Moss, Polytrichum, or " pigeon-wheat," collected in summer 

 and put in formaline, is good. It is necessary to have the 

 antheridial and archegonial material as well as the nearly 

 ripe spore-cases. 



Pedagogics. It is generally difficult to find the arche- 

 gonia of any Moss, and probably the teacher will think it 

 best to use mounted preparations for this. Of course, as 

 before, the habitat will be examined or explained, and the 

 students' ideas broadened by an inspection of museum and 

 herbarium material and of pictures. They should particularly 

 be shown some of the simpler floating forms of Hepaticse, alive 

 if possible, to emphasize the derivation of this group from 

 the Algae, and also specimens of Anthoceros, which doubt- 

 less gave origin to the Pteridophytes. Of course, the posi- 



