134 



DtSCOMYCETES. 



Sub-Family 4. Dermateales. 



The apothecia in the early stages are embedded in the sab- 

 stratum and then break through it, or are from the first situated 

 on the surface of the substratum. Hypothecium thick. 



Order 1. Cenangiaceae. Cenangium. 



Order 2. Dermateaceae. Dermatea. 



Order 3. Patellariaceae. Patellea, Biatorella, Patellaria. 



Order 4, Caliciaceae. Calicium, Coniocybe, etc., on the bark of trees. 



Order 5. Arthoniaceae. Arthonia on the bark of several trees. Celidium 

 stictarum on the apothecia of Sticta pulmonaria. 



Order 6. Bulgariaceas. Apothecia gelatinous tinder moist conditions, and 

 horny when dried. Calloria fusarioides ; the red apothecia break out in the 

 spring on the dried stalks of Urtica dioica ; a gelatinous reproductive form of 

 the Fungus is found before the apothecia, which consists of oidia (formerly 

 described as " Dacryomyces urticce "). Bulgaria inquiitans on the living or 

 fallen trunks of Oaks and Beeches. 



Sub-Family 5. Pezizales. 



The apothecia are developed on the surface of the substratum and 

 are waxy or fleshy ; at the commencement closed, and covered with 

 a saucer- or cup-shaped, seldom flat, hymenium. The hypothecium 

 is generally well developed. This sub-family is the richest in 



FIG. 126. Botrytis cinerea : a slightly 

 magnified ; b more highly magnified ; c 

 germinating conidium. 



FIG. 12". Sclerotiniafuckeliania: a scle- 

 rotium with conidiophores ; b with apo- 

 thecia ; c section through sclerotium and 

 apothecium ; d ascus with eight aseo- 

 spores. ( x 390.) 



