CONIFEKjE. 



263 



placed leaves, flowers, and inflorescences ; in the others they are 

 placed spirally), but chiefly in the greater or less degree of union 

 which takes place between the female flower (the leaf-like " sym- 

 phyllodiurn") and its supporting cover-scale, and in the position of 

 the ovules (the micropyle being turned upwards or downwards). 

 The "cone-scales" in Abietacece are formed by " symphyllodia " 

 alone, in the others by their union with the cover-scale. 



Order 1. Araucariaceae. This order most frequently has 

 solitary ovules, turned doicmvards and attached to the centre of the 

 cone-scales. In Agathis (Dammara) the arrangement is the most 

 simple, a winged seed (Fig. 265), which hangs freely downwards, 

 being borne in the centre of the undivided cone-scale. In Arau- 

 caria, the stamens with the free, pendulous pollen-sacs have been 

 represented in Fig. 242 ; the ovuliferous scale is united for nearly 



266. 



PIG. 265. Agathis (Dam.rn.ara) au&tralis. Cone-scale with the seed. A Longitudinal 

 section ; A' from within ; fu,fv' vascular bundles ; v wing. 



FIG. 266. Cunninyhamia sinensis. Cone-scale with three ovules, interior view: d cover- 

 scale ; / ovuliferous scale. 



its whole length with the bract, and projects from its apex in the 

 shape of a sheath-like, dentate scale, resembling the ligule in 

 Isoiites, and may therefore be termed a " lignle." Araucaria (S. 

 America, Australia) has often rather broad leaves (A. brasiliensis). 

 The ovuliferous scale in Cnnninghamia is more distinct, and 

 stretches transversely over the entire cover-scale ; it bears three 

 inverted ovules (Fig. 266) (Eastern Asia). 



Dammara -resin, which is used for varnish, is obtaiuel from Agatliis 

 (Dammara) species (New Zealand, Philipj ine Islands). 



Order 2. Abietaceae (Pine and Fir Trees). The leaves 

 ara spirally arranged and needle-like. The flowers are monoecious. 



