344 



DICOTYLEDONES. 



small ? -catkins are enclosed in buds, in which they pass the 

 winter ; these buds are situated in the axils of the fallen foliage- 

 leaves, and it is only by their larger size that they may be dis- 

 tinguished from the ordinary foliage-buds. In spring the ? -catkins 

 are easily recognised by their red, projecting stigmas (Fig. 329 A)- 

 The cupule the "husk" is tubular, fringed, and envelopes the nut. 

 The leaves are alternate and unsymmetrical, the external side being larger 

 than the internal ; this is connected with the vernation, the blade being con- 



FIG. 329. Corylusavcllana : A branch at the time of flowering with <J-and $ -catkins; 

 B cJ -flower with subtending-leaf (bract) and two bracteoles ; the same without the 

 anthers; D view of interior of $-dichasium shortly after fertilisation; E young fruit 

 with cupule ; F similar one with the cupule opened ; 6 mature $ -fruits ; H nut. 



duplicate in the bud ; the stipules are deciduous. The bud-scales are formed 

 of stipules, the most internal having a leaf-blade attached to them which is 

 suppressed in the external ones. The cotyledons remain underground on germi- 

 nation. 



Carpinus (C. betnhts, Hornbeam). 

 appear till the leaves are 



shooting. 



The - and ? -catkins do not 

 The $ -catkin in this 



