RB<EAI)IN.E. 



405 



(Brasxica olcracea) with its numerous varieties : Cauliflower (var. botrytis ; the 

 entire inflorescence is abnormally branched and fleshy), Kohlrabi (var. yonyij- 

 lodes, with swollen, tuberous stem), Kale, Red-Cabbage, White-Cabbage, etc. ; 

 H. campestrin, var. rapifera (Turnip) ; 11. napus, var. rapifera (Swede) ; Eapha- 

 nus satious (Radish from W. Asia), 11. caudatus (long Radish) ; Nasturtium 

 officinale (Water Cress), Lcpidium sativum (Garden Cress), and Barbarea prcecox 

 (Early Cress) ; Crambe muritinia (Sea Kale). The seeds of the following are 

 especially used as spices : (the flour of) Melanosinapis (Black-mustard), and 

 Si mi pis alba (White-mustard), which are officinal like the root of Cochlcaria 

 armoracia (Horse-radish, E. Eur). The herbaceous parts of Cochlearia officiiiiilis 

 and dniiica are medicinal. A blue dye (woad) is extracted from Isatis. Orna- 

 mental plants: Clieiranthns clieiri (Wallflower), Mutthiola (Stock), Iberig, 

 Hesperi*, Limaria, and others (especially from S. Eur.). Sweet-scented flowers 

 are rave. 



FIG. 414. Gynandropsis FIG. 415. Capparis spinosa. 



pentaphulla. 



Order 4. Capparidaceae (Capers). The relationship with the Cruciferaj 

 is so close that certain forms are with difficulty distinguished from them. The 

 diagram of the flower is the same in the number and position of its parts, but 

 it differs in the modifications which occur in the development of the stamens. 

 In some genera all 4 stamens are undivided ; in others both the 2 median ones 

 are divided as in the Cruciferaa (6 stamens, but not tetradynamous) (Fig. 414) ; 

 in other genera only 1 of these ; in other instances again they are divided into 

 more than 2 ; and finally the 2 lateral ones also may be found divided, so that 

 indefinite stamens occur (Fig. 415). The bi-carpellate gyuoaceum is unll ocular 

 (without replum), but more than 2 carpels may occur. The ovary is elevated 



