LEGUMINOS.E. 473 



the insect thus carries away pollen and may effect cross-pollination. In the 

 different flowers this arrangement is modified in various ways to promote 

 pollination. 5000 species (319 genera) ; especially in the Tropics, where many 

 are important forest trees. The following plants are used FOE FOOD : Pisum, 

 sativum (W. Asia?) and arvense (Italy); Phaaeulus vulgaris (Kiduey-beau, 

 American ; Doliclws siitensis was known to the Greeks and Romans under 

 the name " ^acnjXos," ' phaseolus "), P. comprestus (French-bean), etc.; Faba 

 vulgaris (Field-bean, Horse-bean ; from the Old World) ; Era am lens (Lentil, 

 Eastern Mediterranean); in tropical countries the oil-containing seeds of Arachis 

 hijpogcea. The following are FODDER plants: Vicia sativa, fraba vulgaris, 

 Ouobrychia satica (Sainfoin), Medicago sativa (Lucerne), and Itipulina (Medick), 

 species of Trifolium, Hedysnrum coronariiim. OFFICINAL: "Liquorice root," 

 from Glycyrrhiza glabra (S. Europe); " Red Sandalwood," from Pterocurpus 

 ntuitaliims (Tropical E. Asia) ; Gum Tragacanth, from Astragalus-species (E. 

 Mediterranean) ; Balsam of Peru, from Toluifera pereirte, and Balsam of Tolu, 

 from Toluifera balsamum. Calabar-beans, from Physostigma venenosnm ; Kino, 

 from Pterocarpus manupium; the pith of Andira araroba is used under the 

 name of " Chrysarobin." Of use TECHNICALLY : Genista tinctoria (yellow dye) 

 and Indigofera-speciea (Indigo), the bast of Crotalaria jnncea (Sunn Hemp) ; 

 tbe seeds of Dipteryx, which contain Coumarin, and aie highly scented, and 

 Balsam of Myroxt/lon. POISONOUS: the seeds of Laburnum (Cytisus laburnum), 

 various species of Lathyrus, and Abrus precatorius ; the latter contain two 

 poisonous proteids, paraglobulin and albumose, which resemble snake-poison 

 in their effects. The following are ORNAMENTAL plants : Phaseulus multiflorus 

 (Scarlet runner, from America), Hobinia pseudacacia, Amorplia, Colutea, Coro- 

 nilla, Indigofera dosua, Wistaria polystachya, Cytisus laburnum, (Laburnum, S. 

 Europe, Orient.) and other species. 



Order 3. Mimosaceae. The flowers are most frequently 

 hypogynous and regular, the aestivation of tlie corolla is valvate 

 and, in the majority of instances, that of the calyx also. The flower 

 is 4-merous, less frequently 5- or 3-merous. - - The flowers are 

 generally small, but are always borne in compact, round capitula 

 or spikes (Fig. 514) ; they are hypogynous or perigynous. The 

 calyx is generally gamosepalous and the corolla gamopetalous, the 

 latter being frequently wanting. The stamens ai-e equal or 

 double the number of the petals (Mimosa, etc., in H. pudica, e.g. 

 84, P4, A4, Gl) or (in Acacia, Inga, etc.) in a large, indefinite 

 number, free or monadelphous, often united to the corolla (Fig. 

 514 b). The colour of the flower in most cases is due to the long 

 and numerous stamens. The fruit is various. The embryo is 

 straight as in the Caesalpiniacea?. Entada and many species of 

 Mimosa have a flat, straight, or somewhat sickle-like pod, which 

 resembles the siliqua of the Crucifeme in that the sutures (in 

 this instance, however, dorsal and ventral suture) persist as a 



