498 



PICOTYLIiDONES. 



USES. A few are cultivated as ornamental plants. They are, however, useful 

 in medicine, 1 and for culinary purposes on account of the essential oils and 

 Hitni-re*iiiii which in many are formed in root, stem, and fruit. The FKOITS of 

 the following ai - e used: Carum carvi f (Caraway), Carum petroselinuin (Pars- 

 ley ; also the leaves and root ; its home is the Eastern Mediterranean) ; 

 Fccniculum capillaeeion } (Fennel; S. Europe); Pimpinella aniavm t (Anise; 

 E. Mediterranean); Coriandrum sativum f (Coriander; S. Eur.) ; (Enuutha 

 phdlandrlum (Water Drop- wort ); Cuminum cyminiim (Point Caraway ; Africa; 

 cultivated in S. Europe); Anethum graveolens (Dill). The LEAVES of the follow- 

 ing are used as pot-herbs: AntJiriscus cerefolium (Chervil); Alyrrhii odorata 

 (Sweet Cicely ; Orient.); Conium maculatum + (the green portions ; Hemlock). 

 Besides Parsley, the BOOTS of the following are used : Carrot, Parsnip, Slum 

 xisarum (Sugar-root; E. Asia); Charophyllum bulbosum (Chervil-root); Levi- 

 sticinn officinale (foliage-shoots ; S. Europe) ; Imperatorla ostruthium ; Aphtin 

 ijrareolens (Celery, the root in conjunction with the internodes) ; Pimpinella 



FIG. 539. Anthriscus silvesier : 1 <J -flower; 2 -flower. 



saxifraga and magnet (Pimpinell) ; Archangelica (Angelica, the root of A. 

 norvegica was formerly an article of food in Norway). Poisonous alkaloids are 

 found in a few, such as Fool's Parsley (^Etliusa cynapium), Hemlock (Coiiiuin 

 maculatum), Cow-bane (Cicuta virosa) and species of (Enanthe. Gum-resin is 

 extracted from various species: " Galbauum " from Ferula galbanijlua f and 

 rubiicalis f (Persia); Asafoetida from Ferula scorodosma f and F. narthex f; 

 Ammoniac-gum from Dorema ammoniacum f, all from Central and S. W. Asia. 

 " Silplduiii" was an Umbelliferous plant winch grew in ancient times in 

 Gyrene, and from which the Romans extracted a valued condiment. 



Family 25. Hysterophyta. 



This family (with the exception of Aristolochiaeese) includes 

 only parasitic plants. Partly on this ground, and partly because 

 they all have epigynous flowers, they are considered to belong to 

 the youngest type (which is expressed in the name t'o-repos, the 

 one that comes after). It is not certain to which of the preceding 

 families they are most nearly allied. Again, it is a matter of doubt 



1 Those marked t are officinal, and when no home is stated, the plant is a 

 native. 



