550 



DICOTYLEDOXES. 



I. CINCHONE^:. The fruit is a 2-valved capsule, with many 

 winged seeds (Fig. 585). Cinchona (Quinine, Fig. 584). Trees 

 and shrubs with the foliage and inflorescence somewhat resembling 

 Syringa ; the corolla also being of a lilac colour, more or less salver- 

 or funnel-shaped, and frequently edged with a fringe of hairs (Fig. 

 585), is somewhat similar to that of Menyanthes. Their home is the 

 Andes from Bolivia to Venezuela, varying in altitude from 1-3000 

 metres. There are now large plantations in Java and E. India. 

 (The name " quinine " is of Indian origin; that of the genus "Cinchona," is 

 from the Spanish Duchess Cinchon, who in 1638 first introduced the bark into 

 Europe.) The following are closely allied : Cascarilla, Remijia, Ladenbergia, 

 Manettia, Bouvardia, etc. 



2. GARDENIE/E. Trees and shrubs, frequently having a mauy-locular berry. 

 Eandia, Gardenia, Genipa, Hamelia, etc. 



3. COFFEES. Only 1 seed in each of the two loculi of the ovary; 

 the fruit is a drupe, with 2 stones. Coffea has an ellipsoidal fruit 



about the size and colour 

 of a cherry ; the two thin- 

 shelled, parchment-like 

 stones are enclosed by a 

 thin layer of pulp ; the two 

 seeds are flat on the side 

 turned to one another, 

 which has also a deep, 

 longitudinal groove curving 

 to the sides. The endo- 

 sperm is hard, horny and 

 greyish (without starch) ; 

 the small embryo lies in 

 the lower end near the 

 circumference. The Coffee-plant (C. arabtca) is a small tree, or 

 more frequently, and especially in plantations, a shrub with large 

 dark-green leaves and scented, white flowers. Its home is in 

 Tropical Africa; it is now cultivated in many tropical countries. 

 G. liberica, W.Africa. Cephaelis (C. ipecacuanha, Fig. 586; the 

 roots are officinal). Psiichotria, Cldococca, Ixora, Hydnophyttim, Alyr- 

 mecodia, etc. 



4. SPERMACOCE.E. Chiefly small shrubs and herbs, many of which are 

 weeds in tropical countries. The stipular sheaths bear numerous bristles at the 

 edge. Sperinacoce, Borreria, Diodia, Richardsonia, etc. 



FIG. 86. Cephaelis ipecacuanha. Portion of a 

 branch : st stipules. 



5. STELLATE. Herbaceous plants with verticillate leaves (Figs. 



