562 



DICOTYLEDONES. 



lous, so that the seeds are not liberated unless the capsule is forcibly shaken, 

 and they are thus ejected to a considerable distance. Phyteuma (Ram- 

 pion) has free petals, which for a long time adhere at the apex and 

 form a tube round the stamens (Fig. 601) ; inflorescence compact, 

 spike-like or capitate, in the latter case resembling that of the 

 Composite, and frequently with an involucre similar to the one 

 possessed by this order. Specularia (rotate corolla, prismatic capsule), 

 Michauxia (flower 8-merous). Symphyandra has syngenesious anthers. 



B. Capsule with valves at the apex, loculicidal dehiscence : 

 Jasione ; the petals are almost free. The anthers are united at 

 the base (syngenesious). The flowers are situated in capitate 

 umbels with involucres. Walilenbergia ; Platycodon. 



II 



FIG. 601. Phyteuma spicatum. Flowers and parts of flowers in various stages of 



development. 



C. Berry: Canarina; flower, 6-merous ; leaves opposite. 



Protandry is general (Fig. 601). 510 species; principally in temperate 

 countries. Several genera furnish ornamental plants, but are of little use for 

 other purposes. The roots of some Campanula- and P/^euma-species are 

 large and may serve as pot-herbs (C. rapunculus, P. spicatum). 



Order 2. Cyphiaceae. In this order the corolla is zygornorphic and the 

 stamens free, hence it is intermediate between orders 1 and 3. About 24 

 species ; Africa. 



Order 3. Lobeliacese (Lobelias). This order may briefly be 

 described as Campanulacese with zygomorphic flowers and anthers 

 united into a tube, in most cases slightly bent ; generally 2 carpels 

 and an inverted position of the flower, i.e. the median sepal is 



