400 



INDEX. 



Mallophaga, effects of isolation 

 on, 240 



Mayer, A. G., experiments on 

 Promethca, 121 ; experiments 

 on sexual selection, 120 



Mendel. G., references to life and 

 work. 356 



Mendelism, references to discus- 

 sions of, 357 



Merriam, C. H., criticism of 

 mutations theory, 367 



Metakinesis, Jaeckel's theory of, 

 289 



Mimicry of Anosia by Basi- 

 larchia, 49 



Montgomery, Th., explanation 

 of inheritance of acquired 

 characters, 306 



Morgan, C. L., statement of con- 

 ception of organic selection, 

 230; theory of orthoplasy, 145, 

 208; answer to objections to 

 sexual selection theory, 149 



Morgan, T. H., antagonism of 

 species-forming by selection, 

 93 ; criticism of Weismann's 

 method of argument, 229 ; dis- 

 cussion of de Vries's theory, 

 345; objections to sexual se- 

 lection theory. 118; summation 

 of the advantages of the muta- 

 tions theory. 350 



Mutation, as used by Waagen, 

 324; de Vries's theory of, 337 



Mutations theory, American 

 opinion of, 362; attitude of 

 naturalists toward, 348; con- 

 trasted with Lamarckism, 349 ; 

 contrasted with the isolation 

 factor. 349; discussion of, by 

 Castle, 364; discussion of, by 

 Davenport, 366, 367; Mer- 

 riam' s criticism of, 367 ; Mor- 

 gan's summation of the ad- 

 vantages of, 350 ; Plate's 

 criticism of. 368 ; references 

 to discussions of, by de 

 Vries, 362 



"Niigeli, Ch., seven objections to 

 species-forming by selection, 

 62 ; theory of orthogenesis, 

 277 ; theory of ultimate struct- 

 ure of protoplasm, 219 



Neo-Darwinians, concessions of, 



134 



Neo-vitalism, 226 



Organisms, number of living, 10 

 Orthogenesis, 274; Cope's belief 



in, 323 ; Cope's theory of, 285 ; 



Cunningham's discussion of, 



326; Eimer's theory of, 282, 



320; Nageli's theory of, 277; 



palaeontologists in favour of, 



288; Pfeffer's theory of, 320; 



Plate's resume of evidence for, 



279 ; Whitman's declaration in 



favour of, 288 

 Orthoplasy, 208 ; references to 



discussions of, 229 

 Orthoselection, contrasted with 



orthogenesis, 276 

 Osborn, H. F., championship of 



the unknown factors, of, 391 ; 



theory of orthoplasy, 208 



Palaeontologists favouring ortho- 

 genesis, 288 



Panmixia, example of ineffect- 

 ive, 99 ; Weismann's theory of, 

 188; Wolff's criticism of, 98 



Parallelism in variation, 279 



Parthenogenesis, variation in in- 

 sects produced by, 58 



Pearson, K., discussion of varia- 

 tion according to the law of 

 chance, 61 ; theory of repro- 

 ductive selection, 249 



Pedagogy, relation of, to theory 

 of descent, 21 



Pfeffer, G., objection to selec- 

 tion, based on the smallness of 

 species-change, 75 ; statement 

 of the fundamental difference 

 between natural and artificial 

 selection, 88 ; theory of ortho- 

 genesis, 320 



Philosophy, relation to biology, 

 references for, 24 ; relation to 

 theory of descent. 20 



Phryganidla califoniica, lack of 

 adaptation in egg-laying habit, 

 68 



Piepers, M. C., antagonism to 

 selection explanations of 

 colour and pattern in insects, 



69 



