32 A History of Botany, 1860-1900 



was in connexion with the Fungi that he was best known. 

 From 1860 onwards he contributed memoirs and books to 

 the literature of this subject, and built up a coherent super- 

 structure on the foundation of painstaking and elaborate 

 research. He was particularly skilful in cultivating diffe- 

 rent species and tracing their life-histories. Among the 

 most memorable of his contributions to science were his 

 investigations of the potato disease in 1861 and of the 

 development of fungal parasitism in 1865, wherein he laid 

 the foundation of scientific vegetable pathology. His re- 

 searches on the red rust and its relation to Berberis opened 

 up the story of heteroecism. In 1878 and 1879 he published 

 valuable contributions on Apogamy and Symbiosis, while 

 his investigation of the Peronosporeae appeared in 1881. 



De Bary's literary work was of the highest order. He 

 edited the Botanische Zeitung from 1867 to 1888 ; he founded 

 the Beitrdge zur Morphologic und Physiologic der Pilze in 

 1864. In 1866 there appeared from his pen the Morphologic 

 und Physiologic dcr Pilze, Flcchtcn und Myxomyceten, a work 

 which, while it brought together the scattered facts that 

 had been ascertained about those organisms, showed 

 marvellous grasp of details and power of logical generaliza- 

 tion. In 1867 he published a volume of his lectures on 

 Bacteria, an admirable presentation of the subject at the 

 time. In 1877 appeared the Vcrglcichende Anatomic, and 

 in 1884 a greatly extended edition of the V ergleichendc 

 Morphologic und Biologic der Pilze u.s.w. 



In 1891 died Carl Naegeli, one of the most distinguished 

 men of science of the time, after a long life devoted with 

 great earnestness to study and research. It is impossible, 

 in the space at our disposal, to do more than bear testimony 

 to his eminence in every field of botany and to call attention 

 to a few of the more important of his contributions. 



He, von Mohl, and Schleiden practically made possible 

 the great advance of scientific botany which is still in 



