CHAP, iv Taxonomy 1860-1900 in 



Algae and Fungi were determined, and gradually a basis 

 for a truer classification, and one founded on fact and not 

 on hypothesis was established. Among so great a crowd 

 of workers it is difficult to distinguish individuals, but the 

 names of Pringsheim, Bornet and Thuret, Naegeli, J. G. 

 Agardh, Harvey, Kiitzing, Schmitz, among algologists ; and 

 of De Bary, Woronin, Tulasne, Brefeld, Van Tieghem, 

 Le Monnier, Cohn, and Fries, among fungologists, claim 

 particular mention. 



Meantime, though satisfactory data for the work were 

 not forthcoming, efforts at the formation of a more truly 

 natural scheme of classification were not wanting. 



The first of them were put forward by A. Braun in 

 1864, and are noteworthy as suggesting co-ordinate divisions 

 for the higher and lowlier plants. Braun made three great 

 classes Bryophyta, which, with two subdivisions included 

 the Algae, Fungi, and Moss-like plants ; Cormophyta, com- 

 prising the Vascular Cryptogams, and Anthophyta, or 

 flowering plants. His treatment of the latter was charac- 

 terized by a recognition of the very unsatisfactory nature 

 of de Candolle's Monochlamydeae, or Apetalae, the families 

 included in which, or at any rate the greater part of them, 

 he distributed among the Thalamiflorae and Calyciflorae. 



A more detailed scheme was adopted by Sachs in the 

 first edition of the Lehrbuch in 1868. He recognized five 

 principal groups, which he held to be readily distinguishable 

 from each other by characters of the first importance. 

 These were (i) Thallophyta, comprising the Fungi, and 

 the Algae with the exception of the Characeae ; (ii) Chara- 

 ceae ; (iii) Muscineae, comprising the Liverworts and Mosses ; 

 (iv) Vascular Cryptogams ; (v) Phanerogams. The system 

 was in great part based upon Bartling's proposals of 1830, 

 but it differed in the rank assigned to the Characeae. 

 Sachs held these plants to be nearer to the Mosses than 

 to the Algae, mainly on account of the form of their sperma- 



