RISE OF COMPARATIVE ANATOMY 165 



E. D. Cope. In America the greatest comparative 

 anatomist was E. D. Cope (1840-1897), a man of the highest 

 order of attainment, who dealt with the comparative anatomy 

 not only of living forms, but of fossil life, and made contribu- 

 tions of a permanent character to this great science; a man 

 whose title to distinction in the field of comparative anatomy 

 will become clearer to later students with the passage of time. 

 For Cope's portrait see p. 336. 



Of the successors of Cuvier, we would designate Meckel, 

 Owen, Gegenbaur, and Cope as the greatest. 



Comparative anatomy is a very rich subject, and when 

 elucidated by embryology, is one of the firm foundations of 

 biology. If we regard anatomy as a science of statics, we 

 recognize that it should be united with physiology, which 

 represents the dynamical side of life. Comparative anatomy 

 and comparative physiology should go hand in hand in the 

 attempt to interpret living forms. Advances in these two 

 subjects embrace nearly all our knowledge of living organisms. 

 It is a cause for congratulation that comparative anatomy 

 has now become experimental, and that gratifying progress is 

 being made along the line of research designated as experi- 

 mental morphology. Already valuable results have been 

 attained in this field, and the outlook of experimental mor- 

 phology is most promising. 



